Histochemical detection of l-gulonolactone: phenazine methosulfate oxidoreductase activity in several mammals with special reference to synthesis of vitamin C in primates

@article{Nakajima2004HistochemicalDO,
  title={Histochemical detection of l-gulonolactone: phenazine methosulfate oxidoreductase activity in several mammals with special reference to synthesis of vitamin C in primates},
  author={Yasuo Nakajima and Totada R. Shantha and Geoffrey H. Bourne},
  journal={Histochemie},
  year={2004},
  volume={18},
  pages={293-301}
}
SummaryAn improved detection of activity of l-gulonolactone oxidase, which is responsible for the final oxidative step in the synthetic process of l-ascorbate from glucose in animals, was achieved using phenazine methosulfate and cyanide. Cold acetone fixation eliminated non-specific deposition of formazan on lipid droplets. The specificity of the method was tested and proven by a biological control, histochemical controls, inhibitors and activators. By application of the method, strong… 

Histochemical studies on urate oxidase in several mammals with special reference to uricolytic ability of primates

The prosimians and platyrrhine monkeys seem to be uricolytic as lower mammals are, and the old world monkeys and the apes were histochemically negative.

Studies on the phenazine methosulphate-tetrazolium capture reaction in NAD(P)+-dependent dehydrogenase cytochemistry. II. A novel hypothesis for the mode of action of PMS and a study of the properties of reduced PMS

A ‘post-tetrazolium reduction’ method seemed possible and could be experimentally confirmed and for the redox mediator vitamin K3 this type of mechanism could be proven with rat liver fractions.

Histochemical studies on the morphology of the golgi apparatus and on the distribution of hexokinase, L-gulonolactone oxidase, xylulose reductases, and ascorbic acid in the locus coeruleus of the rabbit

There is a strong possibility that at least some of the medium-sized neurons of the LC have the ability to synthesize vitamin C and this ability may be intimately related to the ontogenetical development of catecholamine.

Progressive pseudogenization: vitamin C synthesis and its loss in bats.

The results imply that the ability to synthesize Vc in bats has not been lost completely in species as previously thought and suggest that the evolution of bat GULO genes can be a good model to study genetic processes associated with loss-of-function.

Erythroid glucose transporters

Recent research has shown that erythrocyte expression of GLUT-type transporters varies between mammalian species and that their functions in this context can differ, and data are identified that identify new arrangements ofGLUT members in red cell metabolism.

The whole structure of the human nonfunctional L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase gene--the gene responsible for scurvy--and the evolution of repetitive sequences thereon.

It is thought that two Alu sequences were inserted in the vicinity of a presumed position of lost exon 11 during the same period as GULO lost its function, and predicted that six LINE-1 sequences located in and near the gene homologue were inserted not.

Evaluation of the Fate of Saccharin during Storage of Sobo Drink

Artificial sweeteners such as saccharin were used in place of sugar in production of sobo drink. Sobo (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is a local drink produced by boiling the Sobo (Hibiscus sabdariffa),

A protocol for the successful long-term enzyme replacement therapy of scurvy in guinea pigs

Daily intraperitoneal injections of glutaraldehyde cross-linked immunoprecipitates of gulonolactone oxidase have been shown to provide guinea pigs with the capability of synthesizing their own ascorbic acid and of surviving without an exogenous source of this vitamin.

THE USE OF PHENAZINE METHOSULFATE FOR IMPROVING THE HISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF KETOSE REDUCTASE (l-IDITOL: NAD OXIDOREDUCTASE, OR SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE)

  • A. Johnson
  • Biology
    The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society
  • 1967
An improved histochemical localization of the activity of ketose reductase, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent enzyme, was achieved by using an incubating medium containing phenazine

Biological synthesis of L-ascorbic acid in animal tissues: conversion of L-gulonolactone into L-ascorbic acid.

The experiments indicate that the observed activity of mitochondria is probably due to their contamination by microsomes, and the microsomal enzyme concerned in the oxidation of L-gulonolactone to L-ascorbic acid is inhibited by heavy-metal ions and reversibly by p-chloromercuribenzoate, indicating the involvement of some essential thiol groups in the enzyme.

Histochemical Localization of L-Gulonolactone Oxidase Activity in Tissues of Several Species.∗

  • R. B. Cohen
  • Biology
    Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
  • 1961
Summary A histochemical method was described which localized the activity of L-gulonolactone oxidase, the final oxidative step in synthesis of ascorbic acid from glucose. The enzyme was found to be

Use of Tetrazolium Compounds in Oxidative Enzyme Histo- and Cyto- chemistry

Though quite low in water solubility, minimal concentrations of TNBT are required for the effective demonstration of the succinic dehydrogenase system in fresh, frozen sections of tissue of mammalian tissues or human vaginal smear preparations.

THE ROLE OF ALDONOLACTONASE IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF L‐ASCORBIC ACID *

The failure of the enzyme to reduce UDP-glucuronate as well as other lines of evidence, such as the inability of preformed glucuronolactone or glucuronate to give rise to glucuronides in intact animals, exclude a pathway of ascorbate formation from UDP- glucuronates involving uridine nucleotide derivatives.

Species Difference in regard to the Biosynthesis of Ascorbic Acid

The Grollman and Lehninger method has shown that, as opposed to mammals, the capacity for synthesizing ascorbic acid in the birds and reptiles they studied, namely, the chicken, pigeon and tortoise, resides in the kidney tissues.

ENZYMATIC STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF URONIC AND ALDONIC ACIDS RELATED TO L‐ASCORBIC ACID IN ANIMAL TISSUES *

The chief object of this paper is to study the enzymatic reactions concerning the metabolism of D-glucuronic and L-gulonic acids and their lactones, as well as of 2,3-diketo-~- gulonic acid.

SOME OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE ROLE OF PHENAZINE METHOSULFATE IN HISTOCHEMICAL DEHYDROGENASE METHODS

  • J. S. MathisenS. Mellgren
  • Biology
    The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society
  • 1965
Time umse of pimemntozimne ui-net imosulfate (Pi\IS) is essen-nt ial for 1 ime immstocisenuuictol dernommst rat ioui of cleimydrogenutises i mi locatiomns where diaphortoses are limiting ftoctoms

ASPECTS OF ASCORBIC ACID BIOSYNTHESIS IN ANIMALS *

The results indicate that in the evolutionary ascent the enzyme originally residing in the kidney gradually passes into the liver and finally disappears from the liver also.