Hepatitis B virus (HBV) sequence variation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes is not common in patients with chronic HBV infection.

@article{Rehermann1995HepatitisBV,
  title={Hepatitis B virus (HBV) sequence variation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes is not common in patients with chronic HBV infection.},
  author={Barbara Rehermann and Claudio Pasquinelli and Stacie Mosier and Francis V. Chisari},
  journal={The Journal of clinical investigation},
  year={1995},
  volume={96 3},
  pages={
          1527-34
        }
}
It has been suggested that immune selection pressure exerted by the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response could be responsible for viral persistence during chronic hepatitis B virus infection. To address this question, in the current study we compared the DNA and amino acid sequences of, and the CTL responses to, multiple HLA-A2-restricted CTL epitopes in the hepatitis B virus in several HLA-A2-positive patients with acute and chronic hepatitis. Our results indicate that the CTL response to… 
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Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and CTL epitope escape mutation in HBsAg, anti-HBe positive individuals
TLDR
Data are consistent with a continued immune selection pressure on HBV in anti-HBe positive chronically infected individuals with low replicating HBV infection and suggest that mutation of a CTL epitope may be a consequence of the immune response, as opposed to the cause of viral persistence.
Viral Adaptation to Host Immune Responses Occurs in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection, and Adaptation Is Greatest in HBV e Antigen-Negative Disease
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Hematitis B virus appears to be under immune pressure in chronic HBV infection, particularly in HBeAg-negative disease.
Evolution of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes in hepatitis B virus.
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  • Biology
    Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases
  • 2007
Adaptation of the hepatitis B virus core protein to CD8+ T‐cell selection pressure
TLDR
Viral sequence analysis allows identification of HLA class I–restricted epitopes under reproducible selection pressure in HBV core; the possibility of viral escape from CD8 T‐cell immune pressure needs attention in the context of therapeutic vaccination against HBV.
Analysis of hepatitis B virus populations in an interferon-alpha-treated patient reveals predominant mutations in the C-gene and changing e-antigenicity.
TLDR
Data indicate that IFNalpha therapy can lead to the emergence of HBV variants with mutations mainly affecting recognition of the core/HBe proteins by antibodies, and taken together, the type of core-HBe-specific B-cell immune response, the sequence of the corresponding epitopes, and the HBe expression level appear to contribute to the decision on viral clearance or persistence.
CD8+ T-Cell Responses in Hepatitis B and C: The (HLA-) A, B, and C of Hepatitis B and C
TLDR
A better understanding of the factors that contribute to the success or failure of virus-specific CD8+ T-cells may help to develop new therapeutic options for HBV eradication in patients with chronic HBV infection (therapeutic vaccination and/or immunomodulation) as well as a prophylactic vaccine against HCV infection.
A Systematic Review of T-cell Epitopes in Hepatitis B Virus: Identification, Genotypic Variation and Relevance to Antiviral Therapeutics
TLDR
Identification of HBV-specific epitopes in non-HLA-A2-positive individuals and recognition of genotypic variation across epitopes are important for the future development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies for the management of chronic HBV infection.
Chronic infections with hepatotropic viruses: mechanisms of impairment of cellular immune responses.
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It is revealed that endogenous factors, such as regulatory T cells, immunosuppressive cytokines, and inhibitory receptors also contribute to the impairment of virus-specific T cell responses in chronic infection, perhaps reflecting the host's attempt to protect itself against immune-mediated pathology.
Hepatitis B Virus Adaptation to the CD8+ T Cell Response: Consequences for Host and Pathogen
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The evidence is presented that CD8+ T cells play an important role in control of chronic HBV infection and that the selective pressure imposed on HBV through evasion of these immune responses can potentially influence viral diversity, chronicity, and the outcome of infection.
T-cell responses in hepatitis B and C virus infection: similarities and differences
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are global health problems affecting 600 million people worldwide. Indeed, HBV and HCV are hepatotropic viruses that can cause…
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References

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TLDR
The data suggest that negative selection of mutant viral genomes might contribute to viral persistence in a subset of patients with chronic HBV infection who express a narrow repertoire of anti-HBV CTL responses.
The cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to multiple hepatitis B virus polymerase epitopes during and after acute viral hepatitis
TLDR
The data suggest that HBV may retreat into immunologically privileged sites from which it can seed the circulation and reach CTL-inaccessible tissues, thereby maintaining the CTL response in apparently cured individuals and, perhaps, prolonging the liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis.
HLA A2 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to multiple hepatitis B surface antigen epitopes during hepatitis B virus infection.
TLDR
The data suggest that the presence of the HLA-A2.1-binding motif in a peptides may not be sufficient for binding; and the capacity of a peptide to bind the class I molecule does not guarantee that it will be immunogenic.
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TLDR
The data suggest an association between the HBV-specific CTL response and viral clearance, and they have implications for the design of immunotherapeutic strategies to terminate HBV infection in chronically infected patients.
HLA class I-restricted human cytotoxic T cells recognize endogenously synthesized hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid antigen.
Knowledge of the immune effector mechanisms responsible for clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected cells has been severely limited by the absence of reproducible systems to selectively expand…
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TLDR
A preS2 epitope can represent a target Ag for liver-infiltrating T cells, which could kill the hepatocytes expressing the Ag plus the appropriate MHC molecule.
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
It is shown that the optimal amino acid sequence recognized by cytotoxic T cells is a 10-mer (residues 18 to 27) containing the predicted peptide-binding motif for HLA-A2 and that this peptide can stimulate cytot toxic T cells able to recognize endogenously synthesized hepatitis B core antigen.
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