Helicobacter pylori cagA Promoter Region Sequences Influence CagA Expression and Interleukin 8 Secretion.

@article{Ferreira2016HelicobacterPC,
  title={Helicobacter pylori cagA Promoter Region Sequences Influence CagA Expression and Interleukin 8 Secretion.},
  author={Rui M. Ferreira and In{\^e}s Pinto-Ribeiro and Xiaogang Wen and Ricardo Marcos-Pinto and Mario J Dinis-Ribeiro and F{\'a}tima Carneiro and C{\'e}u Figueiredo},
  journal={The Journal of infectious diseases},
  year={2016},
  volume={213 4},
  pages={
          669-73
        }
}
Heterogeneity at the Helicobacter pylori cagA gene promoter region has been linked to variation in CagA expression and gastric histopathology. Here, we characterized the cagA promoter and expression in 46 H. pylori strains from Portugal. Our results confirm the relationship between cagA promoter region variation and protein expression originally observed in strains from Colombia. We observed that individuals with intestinal metaplasia were all infected with H. pylori strains containing a… 
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A new molecular mechanism by which H. pylori dynamically modulates cagA copy number, which affects CagA expression and activity and may impact downstream development of gastric disease, is demonstrated.
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Results indicate that both a predicted stem-loop structure and a strain-specific +59 motif in the cagA 5′ untranslated region influence the levels of CagA expression.
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The possible role of CagA in gastric pathogenicity is discussed, and infection with strains harboring the East Asian type of CAGA possessing the EPIYA-A, -B, and -D sequences has been found to potentiate cell proliferation and disease pathogenicicity.
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Adherence of Helicobacter pylori to the gastric epithelial cell line AGS strongly upregulated expression of a gene, HP0102, in the adhered bacteria in all strains examined, including several Indian clinical isolates.
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The manipulation of host signaling cascades by the bacterium appears to be crucial for inducing pathogenic downstream activities and gastric disease progression.
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The strain-specific properties of H. pylori that correlate with increased gastric cancer risk are discussed, focusing in particular on secreted proteins and surface-exposed proteins, and evidence from cell culture and animal models linking these factors to Gastric cancer pathogenesis is described.
The impacts of H. pylori virulence factors on the development of gastroduodenal diseases
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The virulence factors that are associated with gastric adenocarcinoma development include the presence, expression intensity and types of cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), which is related to gastric high-grade B cell lymphoma occurrence, and the geographic differences and appropriate methods of analyzing these virulence markers.
Helicobacter pylori modulates host cell responses by CagT4SS-dependent translocation of an intermediate metabolite of LPS inner core heptose biosynthesis
TLDR
It is reported here that biosynthesis of heptose-1,7-bisphosphate (HBP), an important intermediate metabolite of LPS inner heptOSE core, contributes in a major way to the H. pylori cagPAI-dependent induction of proinflammatory signaling and IL-8 secretion in human epithelial cells.
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