HIV-1 gp120 Binding to Dendritic Cell Receptors Mobilize the Virus to the Lymph Nodes, but the Induced IL-4 Synthesis by FcεRI+ Hematopoietic Cells Damages the Adaptive Immunity – a Review, Hypothesis, and Implications
@article{Becker2004HIV1GB, title={HIV-1 gp120 Binding to Dendritic Cell Receptors Mobilize the Virus to the Lymph Nodes, but the Induced IL-4 Synthesis by Fc$\epsilon$RI+ Hematopoietic Cells Damages the Adaptive Immunity – a Review, Hypothesis, and Implications}, author={Yechiel Becker}, journal={Virus Genes}, year={2004}, volume={29}, pages={147-165} }
HIV-1 is equipped with the envelope gp160 glycoprotein for interaction with Langerhans cells (LCs) and dendritic cells (DCs), the members of the innate immune system, which confront the virus at the portal of virus entry in the human body. These cells are equipped with receptors by which they bind and endocytose the virus. The gp120 glycoprotein is used for binding to CD4 receptor and CCR5 co-receptor of T helper 2 (Th2) cells and the virions shed gp120 is able to induce FcεRI+ hematopoietic…
7 Citations
The spreading of HIV-1 infection in the human organism is caused by fractalkine trafficking of the infected lymphocytes—a review, hypothesis and implications for treatment
- Biology, MedicineVirus Genes
- 2006
The present review attempts to define the role of chemokine receptors like CCR5 and CXCR4, and especially fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 in the trafficking of lymphocytes in healthy individuals and HIV-1/AIDS patients.
The Molecular Mechanism of Human Resistance to HIV-1 Infectionin Persistently Infected Individuals—A Review, Hypothesis and Implications
- Biology, MedicineVirus Genes
- 2005
The present hypothesis suggests that the HIV-1 resistant APSWs produce moreIL-4 delta 2 molecules than IL-4 molecules, which will enable to identify the individuals that have a natural resistance to HIV-l/AIDS and those who need treatments.
CpG ODNs Treatments of HIV-1 Infected Patients May Cause the Decline of Transmission in High Risk Populations – A Review, Hypothesis and Implications
- Biology, MedicineVirus Genes
- 2004
Findings from studies that reported that CpG ODNs treatment of retrovirus infected mice, monkeys and allergic mice prevented the virus and allergens caused diseases, respectively led to the hypothesis that the cure of HIV-1/AIDS patients requires the induction of endogenous synthesis of type I interferons with a bacterial C pG rich DNA that will induce the patients’ pDCs to release large amounts of type II IFNs.
HIV Infection and Adipose Tissue Resident Stem Cells: Their Involvement in Pathology and Treatment
- Biology, Medicine
- 2015
Disease progression during HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment is described, with a particular focus on the possible role of Adipose Tissue Resident Stem Cells as viral reservoir.
Effects of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Infection on Cytokine Production in SPF Chickens
- Biology, MedicinePloS one
- 2013
Using multiplex branched DNA technology, molecular mediators that participated in the regulation of the immune response during REV infection in chickens are identified and will help understand the host immune response to virus pathogens.
Evolution of viruses and their impact on human life: HIV‐1 subgroup M
- BiologyAPMIS. Supplementum
- 2008
The mechanisms used by HIV-1M to inhibit the immune system are presented and are leading to novel antiviral treatments and an approach to an HIV- 1 vaccine.
A Point of View: HIV-1/AIDS is an Allergy but CpG ODN Treatments may Inhibit Virus Replication and Reactivate the Adaptive Immunity – Hypothesis and Implications
- Biology, MedicineVirus Genes
- 2004
Reevaluation of the increase in the levels of IgE and IL-4 in sera of HIV-1 infected and AIDS patients led to the suggestion that AIDS resembles allergy. Studies on the properties of the viral shed…
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 78 REFERENCES
Binding of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to Immature Dendritic Cells Can Occur Independently of DC-SIGN and Mannose Binding C-Type Lectin Receptors via a Cholesterol-Dependent Pathway
- Biology, ChemistryJournal of Virology
- 2003
It is proposed that pathways to HIV-1 attachment and uptake in DC exhibit functional redundancy; that is, they are made up of multiple independent activities that can, at least in part, compensate for one another.
HIV gp120 receptors on human dendritic cells.
- Biology, MedicineBlood
- 2001
A novel biotinylated gp120 assay was used to determine whether CLR or CD4 were predominant receptors on monocyte-derived DCs and ex vivo blood DCs, and confirmed that CLRs were the major receptors for gp120 on MDDCs.
Delivery of liposome-encapsulated HIV type 1 proteins to human dendritic cells for stimulation of HIV type 1-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses.
- BiologyAIDS research and human retroviruses
- 1999
Stimulation of anti-HIV-1 CTLs by this safe, inexpensive, and broadly applicable approach may be used in DC-based therapies for HIV-1 infection.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope (gp120) Binding to DC-SIGN and Primary Dendritic Cells Is Carbohydrate Dependent but Does Not Involve 2G12 or Cyanovirin Binding Sites: Implications for Structural Analyses of gp120-DC-SIGN Binding
- BiologyJournal of Virology
- 2002
It is formally demonstrate that gp120 binding to DC-SIGN and MDDCs is largely if not wholly carbohydrate dependent, and evidence is provided that this enhancement may be due to cyanovirin's ability to bridge gp120 to mannosylated cell surface proteins.
Toll-Like Receptor Ligands Modulate Dendritic Cells to Augment Cytomegalovirus- and HIV-1-Specific T Cell Responses 1
- BiologyThe Journal of Immunology
- 2003
The effects of different Toll-like receptor (TLR)-binding compounds to enhance immune responses induced by human APCs, including CD123+ plasmacytoid DCs (PDCs, CD11c+ myeloid DCs), monocytes, and B cells are reported, providing information for the rational design of TLR ligands as adjuvants for vaccines or immune modulating therapy.
Involvement of macrophage mannose receptor in the binding and transmission of HIV by macrophages
- Biology, MedicineEuropean journal of immunology
- 2003
A substantial role for MMR is suggested in the binding and transmission of HIV‐1 by macrophages and this decrease in viral longevity is due to rapid internalization of macrophage‐bound HIV.
HIV-1 viral protein R compromises cellular immune function in vivo.
- BiologyInternational immunology
- 2002
The data support that Vpr compromises antigen-specific immune responses and ultimately effector cell function, thus confirming a strong selective advantage to the virus at the expense of the host.
Effect of the V3 Loop Deletion of Envelope Glycoprotein on Cellular Responses and Protection against Challenge with Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Expressing gp160 of Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates
- BiologyJournal of Virology
- 2002
The extent of resistance to viral transmission was higher in animals immunized with the ΔV3 than the WT envelope vaccine, and the protection was linked to the presence of envelope-specific CD8+ T cells, since depletion of these cells by anti-CD8 antibody treatment at the time of challenge abolished the vaccine-induced protection.
The effect of deletion of the V3 loop of gp120 on cytotoxic T cell responses and HIV gp120-mediated pathogenesis.
- BiologyJournal of immunology
- 1998
The AV3 mutant may redirect immune responses toward conserved epitopes of gp160, has longer expression time due to increased resistance to Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and does not trigger cytopathic effects associated with apoptosis and syncytium formation.
Complement-mediated binding of naturally glycosylated and glycosylation-modified human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to human CR2 (CD21)
- BiologyJournal of virology
- 1993
The demonstration of CR2 as a receptor for HIV-1 in the presence of complement, together with the ability to enhance binding by desialylation, provides new insights into mechanisms of HIV- 1-induced immunity and immunopathogenesis.