Glucagon-like peptide 1 promotes satiety and suppresses energy intake in humans.

@article{Flint1998GlucagonlikeP1,
  title={Glucagon-like peptide 1 promotes satiety and suppresses energy intake in humans.},
  author={Anne Flint and Anne Raben and Arne Astrup and Jj. Holst},
  journal={The Journal of clinical investigation},
  year={1998},
  volume={101 3},
  pages={
          515-20
        }
}
We examined the effect of intravenously infused glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) on subjective appetite sensations after an energy-fixed breakfast, and on spontaneous energy intake at an ad libitum lunch. 20 young, healthy, normal-weight men participated in a placebo-controlled, randomized, blinded, crossover study. Infusion (GLP-1, 50 pmol/ kg.h or saline) was started simultaneously with initiation of the test meals. Visual analogue scales were used to assess appetite sensations throughout the… Expand
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1,207 Citations

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Glucagon-like peptide-1 promotes satiety and reduces food intake in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.
TLDR
A marked effect of GLP-1 on appetite is demonstrated by showing enhanced satiety and reduced energy intake in patients with diabetes type 2. Expand
Energy intake and appetite are suppressed by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in obese men.
TLDR
It is demonstrated that GLP-1 decreases feelings of hunger and reduces energy intake in obese humans and one possible mechanism for this finding might be an increased satiety primarily mediated by gastric vagal afferent signals. Expand
The effect of physiological levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 on appetite, gastric emptying, energy and substrate metabolism in obesity
TLDR
It is concluded that GLP-1 in physiological concentrations powerfully reduces the rate of entry of nutrients into the circulation by a reduction of gastric emptying rate in obese subjects and may be beneficial in weight reduction. Expand
No effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 on short-term satiety and energy intake in man.
TLDR
Doubts are cast on whether GLP-1 is a major satiety factor in man, although a raised circulating plasma glucose level, as would normally occur postprandially, might be necessary for GLp-1 to increase satiety. Expand
No effect of physiological concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-2 on appetite and energy intake in normal weight subjects†
TLDR
Circulating GLP-2 in physiological concentrations does not seem to play a significant role in human appetite regulation. Expand
Glucagon-like peptide-1: a potent regulator of food intake in humans
TLDR
Intravenous infusions of GLP-1 decrease spontaneous food intake even at physiological plasma concentrations, implying an important role for GLp-1 in the regulation of the early satiety response in humans. Expand
Initial evidence that GLP-1 receptor blockade fails to suppress postprandial satiety or promote food intake in humans
TLDR
Blockade of GLP-1 receptors failed to suppress subjective satiety following a standardized meal or increase voluntary food intake in healthy, normal-weight subjects. Expand
The effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 on energy expenditure and substrate metabolism in humans
TLDR
Peripheral GLp-1 decreased DIT and carbohydrate oxidation, probably secondary to a delayed absorption of nutrients, since substrate and hormone concentrations in plasma were suppressed during GLP-1 infusion. Expand
Do the actions of glucagon-like peptide-1 on gastric emptying, appetite, and food intake involve release of amylin in humans?
TLDR
GLP-1 exerts its effect on gastric emptying, appetite, food intake, and glucagon secretion directly, although secretion of amylin may contribute to some of these effects in healthy control subjects. Expand
Interaction between GLP-1 and CCK-33 in inhibiting food intake and appetite in men.
TLDR
CCK and GLP-1 are meal-related satiety signals that are released from the gastrointestinal tract during food intake that reject the hypothesis that the two peptides exert a positive synergistic effect on food intake compared with the effects observed with infusion of individual peptides. Expand
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References

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Glucagon-like peptide 1 inhibition of gastric emptying outweighs its insulinotropic effects in healthy humans.
TLDR
It is suggested that despite the known insulinotropic actions of GLP-1-(7-36) amide and -(7-37), the net effect of administering GLp-1 with a meal is no change or a reduction in meal-related insulin responses. Expand
Attenuated GLP-1 secretion in obesity: cause or consequence?
TLDR
Postprandial GLP-1 secretion in response to oral carbohydrate is considerably attenuated in obese subjects and it is suggested that both this fall and the overall reduction in GLp-1 values in obese Subjects may be related to an increase in plasma non-esterified fatty acids. Expand
Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (proglucagon 78-107amide) on hepatic glucose production in healthy man.
TLDR
It is concluded that GLP-1 may potently control hepatic glucose production and glucose clearance through its effects on the pancreatic glucoregulatory hormones. Expand
Central administration of GLP-1-(7-36) amide inhibits food and water intake in rats.
TLDR
In conclusion, GLP-1 may play a physiological role in regulation of both ingestion and the water and salt homeostasis and had no effect in behavioral assays measuring exploratory locomotor activity and conditioned taste aversion. Expand
Secretion of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide correlates with insulin secretion in normal man throughout the day.
TLDR
The notion that GLP-1 and GIP are important incretin hormones is supported, as their plasma concentrations increased significantly and in parallel with insulin in response to all three meals. Expand
Reduction of the Incretin Effect in Rats by the Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Antagonist Exendin (9–39) Amide
TLDR
The data support the concept that GLP-1 is an important incretin factor and exendin (9–39) amide is a useful GLp-1 antagonist for in vivo studies. Expand
Glucose intolerance but normal satiety in mice with a null mutation in the glucagon–like peptide 1 receptor gene
TLDR
It is demonstrated that GLP1 plays a central role in the regulation of glycemia; however, disruption of GLP 1/GLP1R signaling in the central nervous system is not associated with perturbation of feeding behavior or obesity in vivo. Expand
A role for glucagon-like peptide-1 in the central regulation of feeding
TLDR
It is reported here that intracerebroventricular (ICV) GLP-1 powerfully inhibits feeding in fasted rats, and this findings suggest that central GLp-1 is a new physiological mediator of satiety. Expand
Glucagon-like peptide-1 is a physiological incretin in rat.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 7-36 amide (GLP-1) has been postulated to be the primary hormonal mediator of the entero-insular axis but evidence has been indirect. The discovery of exendin (9-39), a GLP-1… Expand
Glucagon-like peptide-1 7-36 amide and peptide YY have additive inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion in man.
TLDR
The results indicate that GLP-1 and PYY have an important role in the physiologic control of gastric acid secretion and suggest that the interaction betweenglucagon-like peptide-1 7-36 amide in man is of the additive type. Expand
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