Giant cell tumour of bone

@article{Thomas2009GiantCT,
  title={Giant cell tumour of bone},
  author={David M. Thomas and Keith M. Skubitz},
  journal={Current Opinion in Oncology},
  year={2009},
  volume={21},
  pages={338–344}
}
Purpose of review Giant cell tumour of bone (GCT) is the most common benign bone tumour and afflicts a young population. Treatment options for patients with unresectable disease have remained fairly static for the past three decades. Recent findings Recent discoveries have identified a key role for the osteoclast differentiation factor, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL), in the genesis of GCT. The development of the fully human monoclonal antibody to RANKL… 
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93 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
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93 Citations

Giant Cell Tumor of Bone in Childhood: Clinical Aspects and Novel Therapeutic Targets
TLDR
The development of a monoclonal humanized antibody to RANKL, denosumab, has been shown to reduce skeletal-related events from osteoporosis and from bony metastases from solid tumors.
Efficacy of denosumab in joint preservation for patients with giant cell tumour of the bone.
Denosumab treatment of metastatic giant-cell tumor of bone in a 10-year-old girl.
TLDR
A phase II study in adults with GCTs has demonstrated significant clinical response to the antiRANKL monoclonal antibody denosumab, which is used in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, in which there is a state of increased bone resorption.
Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: An Update
TLDR
The paradigm has shifted from local treatment alone to multidisciplinary management with the consideration of use of denosumab for advanced giant cell tumor where surgical resection alone can cause severe morbidity.
Sustained long-term complete regression of a giant cell tumor of the spine after treatment with denosumab.
Spectrum of histological features of Denosumab treated Giant Cell Tumor of Bone; potential pitfalls and diagnostic challenges for pathologists.
Systemic Therapy in Patients with Resectable and Unresectable Cases of Giant Cell Tumor: A Systematic Review
TLDR
In patients with both resectable and unresectable primary aggressive, recurrent, or metastatic GCT disease, systemic bisphosphonate and denosumab demonstrated good efficacy with decreased rates of disease progression and recurrence.
Clinical, radiological and pathological outcomes following treatment of primary giant cell tumour of bone with Denosumab
TLDR
Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody with inhibitory effects on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand that has shown early promise as a possible treatment adjuvant for GCTB.
Denosumab Induces Tumor Reduction and Bone Formation in Patients with Giant-Cell Tumor of Bone
TLDR
Denosumab treatment of patients with GCTB significantly reduced or eliminated RANK-positive tumor giant cells and reduced the relative content of proliferative, densely cellular tumor stromal cells, replacing them with nonproliferative, differentiated, densely woven new bone.
Denosumab as a Treatment Alternative for Central Giant Cell Granuloma: A Long-Term Retrospective Cohort Study.
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References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 69 REFERENCES
Denosumab treatment of giant cell tumor of bone: Interim analysis of an open-label phase II study
TLDR
A role for the RANK pathway in the pathogenesis of GCT and a potential therapeutic effect on tumor growth from denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against RANKL are suggested.
Adjuvant antiangiogenic therapy for giant cell tumors of the jaws.
Bisphosphonates reduce local recurrence in extremity giant cell tumor of bone: a case-control study.
Benign metastasizing giant-cell tumor of bone. Report of three cases and review of the literature.
TLDR
Three cases of benign giant-cell tumor (GCT) of bone with pulmonary metastasis are reported, suggesting that GCTs that metastasize may be an aggressive form of the tumor.
Bisphosphonates Induce Apoptosis of Stromal Tumor Cells in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
TLDR
The results showed that pamidronate significantly induced apoptosis in both osteoclast-like giant cells and stromal tumor cells, in vivo, and suggest that these drugs may be considered as potential adjuvants in the treatment of GCT.
Bisphosphonates May Reduce Recurrence in Giant Cell Tumor by Inducing Apoptosis
TLDR
Results indicate that topical or systemic use of pamidronate or zoledronate can be a novel adjuvant therapy for giant cell tumor by targeting osteoclastlike giant cells, mononuclear giant cell precursor cells, and the autocrine loop of tumor osteOClastogenesis.
Malignant giant-cell tumours of bone. Clinico-pathological types and prognosis: a review of 29 cases.
TLDR
Chemotherapy appears to be of some value in the treatment of these malignant tumours but a larger series is required to confirm the efficacy of this approach.
Giant Cell Tumour of Bone with Late Presentation: Review of Treatment and Outcome
TLDR
Even in an advanced stage of disease, good clinical outcomes can be achieved with adequate excision and appropriate reconstruction, and autologous rotational grafting is a good alternative method of reconstruction for lesions around the knee.
Generalised giant-cell tumour of bone: Successful treatment of pulmonary metastases with interferon α, a case report
TLDR
Treatment with interferon α2a in increasing dosage led to a significant decrease of pulmonary metastases and a stabilisation of the disease after 12 months of treatment in a 37-year-old female patient with generalised giant-cell tumour of the bone.
Cytogenetic analyses on giant-cell tumors of bone.
TLDR
Findings suggest that the cells in these tumors are chromosomally unstable, with a significantly higher incidence of nonclonal chromosome abnormalities than is encountered in cultures of normal cells.
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