Genome research: fulfilling the public's expectations for knowledge and commercialization.

@article{Adler1992GenomeRF,
  title={Genome research: fulfilling the public's expectations for knowledge and commercialization.},
  author={Reid G. Adler},
  journal={Science},
  year={1992},
  volume={257 5072},
  pages={
          908-14
        }
}
This article provides a historical perspective for the patenting of gene sequences and describes the fundamentals and evolution of patent law. It summarizes federal technology transfer law and policy and assesses the impacts of patenting on academic research. The patentability of gene sequences is then considered along with potential impacts that published sequence data may have on obtaining patent protection for downstream products. Industry's position on gene patenting is summarized and… 
Patenting genome research tools and the law.
Patents in genomics and human genetics.
TLDR
Whole-genome sequencing will confront uncertainty about infringing granted patents, but jurisprudence trends away from upholding the broadest and potentially most troublesome patent claims.
Patenting Human Genes: the Advent of Ethics in the Political Economy of Patent Law
Just as the development of technology is a branch of the history of political and economy, so is the evolution of patent law. The claim is well illustrated by the attempts mounted in recent years
Patenting and Human Genes
  • P. Baird
  • Economics
    Perspectives in biology and medicine
  • 1998
TLDR
In essence, the basic principles of patent law achieve a compromise between the broader social desirability ofincreasing useful technology developments, and the social undesireability of ongoing market monopolies for critical processes or products.
Intellectual property issues in genomics.
PATENTING THE HUMAN GENOME
TLDR
The aim is to explain how and why patents have become an important element in the research of the human genome, as well as the implications hereof, and to incorporate an economic and ethical dimension into the legal analysis.
Public vs. Proprietary Science: A Fruitful Tension?
  • R. Eisenberg, R. Nelson
  • Biology
    Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
  • 2002
TLDR
The authors conclude by reasserting the value of public science as a broadly valuable and enabling social commitment, not limited simply to the products or technologies it spawns.
The Ethics of Access to Online Genetic Databases
  • Adam D Marks, K. Steinberg
  • Biology
    American journal of pharmacogenomics : genomics-related research in drug development and clinical practice
  • 2002
TLDR
It is concluded that both private funding and public access to information are important in genetic research and precedent for compromise are necessary, as is increased dialog between private and public interests in order to ensure continued advancements in genetic science and medicine.
The U.S. Patent System and Developing Country Access to Biotechnology: Does the Balance Need Adjusting?
Many agricultural and food security experts believe that biotechnology has potential to assist developing country farmers in meeting current and future food needs. Most of the tools of biotechnology
...
1
2
3
4
...

References

SHOWING 1-9 OF 9 REFERENCES
Biotechnology as an intellectual property.
TLDR
In this article biotechnological intellectual property issues are reviewed in the context of their underlying legal requirements and the implications of other factors, such as international competition, research funding, and gene ownership, are considered.
A legal research agenda for the Human Genome Initiative.
TLDR
The results of a Project, funded by a grant from NIH, carried out by the Arizona State University Center for the Study of Law, Science and Technology to identify the legal issues arising out of HGI and the empirical and analytical work necessary to resolve them - a Legal Research Agenda are presented.
On the Complex Economics of Patent Scope
The economic significance of a patent depends on its scope: the broader the scope, the larger the number of competing products and processes that will infringe the patent. Many theoretical papers
Are prescription drug prices high?
TLDR
The U.S. pharmaceutical industry continues to lead the world in the discovery and development of important new medicines because it assumes greater financial risk and invests more of its sales dollar in R&D than virtually any other industry.
Complementary DNA sequencing: expressed sequence tags and human genome project
TLDR
Automated partial DNA sequencing was conducted on more than 600 randomly selected human brain complementary DNA (cDNA) clones to generate expressed sequence tags (ESTs), which will facilitate the tagging of most human genes in a few years at a fraction of the cost of complete genomic sequencing.
Sequence identification of 2,375 human brain genes
TLDR
2,672 new, independent cDNA clones isolated from four human brain cDNA libraries are partially sequenced to generate 2,375 expressed sequence tags to nuclear-encoded genes, representing an approximate doubling of the number of human genes identified by DNA sequencing and may represent as many as 5% of the genes in the human genome.
The race for the "gold" in research.
The Human Genome Project and patents.