Genetic polymorphisms associated with the development and clinical course of multiple sclerosis (review).

@article{Kallaur2011GeneticPA,
  title={Genetic polymorphisms associated with the development and clinical course of multiple sclerosis (review).},
  author={Ana Paula Kallaur and Dam{\'a}cio Ramon Kaimen-Maciel and Helena Kaminami Morimoto and Maria AngelicaEhara Watanabe and S{\'e}rgio Murilo Georgeto and Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche},
  journal={International journal of molecular medicine},
  year={2011},
  volume={28 4},
  pages={
          467-79
        }
}
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by areas of inflammation, demyelination and axonal damage. The etiology of MS is multifactorial with an interaction between genetic, environmental and geographical factors. The objective of this study was to review the physiopathology and the genetic polymorphisms associated with the development and clinical course of MS. Studies carried out in populations worldwide showed that polymorphisms in the genes of the major… 
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Polymorphisms in proinflammatory cytokines genes and susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis.
Association of interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms and haplotypes with multiple sclerosis in an Iranian population
The Association of Interleukin-16 Gene Polymorphisms with IL-16 Serum Levels and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis.
TLDR
The present study provides the first evidence that the rs11556218T/G and rs4072111C/T polymorphisms of IL-16 gene were significantly associated with increased risk of MS.
Analysis of ICAM1 gene polymorphism in Slovak multiple sclerosis patients
TLDR
Correlation of clinical findings as age at onset, Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale, Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score and progression index with ICAM1 genotypes in MS patients revealed no significant association; however, patients with earlier onset of MS showed slightly higher frequencies of the homozygous G allele at rs5498 in comparison to other genotypes, suggesting that GG carriers tend to induce MS at an earlier age.
Possible Correlation between Cholinergic System Alterations and Neuro/Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis
TLDR
The changes in cholinergic markers expression in the central nervous system of EAE mice in peak and chronic phases suggest the involvement of the acetylcholine also in neuro-inflammatory processes.
Role of gene polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolism and in multiple sclerosis
TLDR
There is evidence that adequate vitamin D levels may lower the risk of MS development and some of the vitamin D-related gene variants and MS are discussed.
Tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-β) NcoI polymorphism is associated with multiple sclerosis in Caucasian patients from Southern Brazil independently from HLA-DRB1
TLDR
TNFB 2 allele was associated with the presence of MS independently of HLA-DRB1 in white patients and the TNFB2/B2 genotype wasassociated with increased TNF-α levels in white and brown patients, which could be an important genetic factor candidate for the susceptibility and pathogenesis of MS.
Functional promoter polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP )-3 5 A / 6 A and its interaction with MMP-7 A-181 G polymorphism in multiple sclerosis
TLDR
The study for the first time among a homogenous ethnic group of Iranians (Kurds) indicated the absence of an influence of MMP-3 5A/6A polymorphism on the risk of MS or its clinical course, however, it detected a gene-gene interaction between M MP-3 and MMP -7 that increased therisk of MS in the presence of Mmp-3 6A and MMM-7 -181 G alleles.
A Meta-analysis of the relation between chemokine receptor 5 delta32 polymorphism and multiple sclerosis susceptibility
  • G. Song, Y. Lee
  • Biology, Psychology
    Immunological investigations
  • 2014
TLDR
Meta-analysis of 3869 subjects indicates a lack of association between the CCR5-Δ32 polymorphism and MS risk in Europeans, as well as frequency of relapsing-remitting, primary progressive, and secondary progressive MS subtypes.
The rs3761548 FOXP3 variant is associated with multiple sclerosis and transforming growth factor β1 levels in female patients
TLDR
The results suggest that the A allele of FOXP3 -3279 C > A variant may exert a role in the T regulatory cell function, which could be one of the factors involved in the susceptibility for MS in females.
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