Genetic evidence for a high diversity and wide distribution of endemic strains of the pathogenic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in wild Asian amphibians

@article{Bataille2013GeneticEF,
  title={Genetic evidence for a high diversity and wide distribution of endemic strains of the pathogenic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in wild Asian amphibians},
  author={Arnaud Bataille and Jonathan J. Fong and Moon Sung Cha and Guinevere O U Wogan and Hae-Jun Baek and Hang Lee and Mi-Sook Min and Bruce Waldman},
  journal={Molecular Ecology},
  year={2013},
  volume={22}
}
Population declines and extinctions of amphibians have been attributed to the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), especially one globally emerging recombinant lineage (‘Bd‐GPL’). We used PCR assays that target the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of Bd to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of Bd in South Korea, where Bd is widely distributed but is not known to cause morbidity or mortality in wild populations. We isolated Korean Bd strains from… 
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Distribution modeling and lineage diversity of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in a central African amphibian hotspot
TLDR
Identification of Bd-GPL lineages in areas of high amphibian diversity emphasizes the need to continue to monitor for Bd and develop appropriate conservation strategies to prevent its further spread.
Enzootic frog pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Asian tropics reveals high ITS haplotype diversity and low prevalence
TLDR
It is hypothesised that the frog populations in Asian tropics might harbour several endemic strains of Bd, and the high levels of diversity and uniqueness of BD haplotypes in the region, probably resulted from historical host-pathogen co-evolution.
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis prevalence and haplotypes in domestic and imported pet amphibians in Japan.
TLDR
The results show that Bd is currently entering Japan via the international trade in exotic amphibians as pets, suggesting that the trade has indeed played a major role in the spread of Bd.
Genetic analysis of post-epizootic amphibian chytrid strains in Bolivia: Adding a piece to the puzzle.
TLDR
A more complex evolutionary history for this pathogen in Bolivia is suggested, and the presence of Bd-GPL is extended to the central Andes in South America, and this hypervirulent strain is reported at Lago Titicaca, where Bd has been detected since 1863, without evidence of amphibian declines.
Unraveling the historical prevalence of the invasive chytrid fungus in the Bolivian Andes: implications in recent amphibian declines
TLDR
It is hypothesized that the early 1990s, and the cloud-forests in central Bolivia were the center of an epidemic surge of Bd that took its toll on many species, especially in the genus Telmatobius.
Prevalence and genetic diversity of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Central African island and continental amphibian communities
Abstract The fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infects hundreds of amphibian species and is implicated in global amphibian declines. Bd is comprised of several lineages that differ…
Amphibian‐killing chytrid in Brazil comprises both locally endemic and globally expanding populations
TLDR
Bd population genetics in this region support the hypothesis that the recently discovered Brazilian lineage is enzootic in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil and that Bd‐GPL is a more recently expanded invasive.
Genomic epidemiology of the emerging pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis from native and invasive amphibian species in Chile.
TLDR
Phylogenomic analyses revealed that Chilean isolates AVS2, AVS4 and AVS7 group within the global panzootic lineage of Bd (BdGPL) in a single highly supported clade that includes a genotype previously isolated from the United Kingdom.
Genetic characterization of chytrids isolated from larval amphibians collected in central and east Texas
TLDR
This study genetically characterizes isolates of Bd from the south central U.S. and adds to the global knowledge of Bt genotypes and found no genetic structure associated with host species, Texas localities, or across North America.
Long‐term endemism of two highly divergent lineages of the amphibian‐killing fungus in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil
TLDR
The data show that the evolutionary history and pathogen dynamics of Bd in Brazil is better explained by the endemic pathogen hypothesis, indicating that Bd was not introduced into southeast Brazil by the bullfrog trade.
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