Genetic contribution to DZ twinning.

@article{Lewis1996GeneticCT,
  title={Genetic contribution to DZ twinning.},
  author={C. M. Lewis and Sue Healey and N G Martin},
  journal={American journal of medical genetics},
  year={1996},
  volume={61 3},
  pages={
          237-46
        }
}
The genetic contribution to dizygotic (DZ) twinning was investigated using 6,596 twin pairs from the Australian Twin Registry who provided information on other twins in their families. Responses were classified by the zygosity (DZ; monozygotic [MZ]) of the proband twins and by the relationship and zygosity of related twins. MZ probands and MZ twins reported by DZ probands were used as controls and assumed to be independent of any genetic influence. Significantly higher proportions of DZ twins… 
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The inheritance of spontaneous dizygotic (DZ) twinning was investigated in 1,422 three-generation pedigrees ascertained through mothers of spontaneous DZ proband twins revealing a strong robustness against a changing population prevalence and the loss of information due to the presence of same-sexed twin pairs of unknown zygosity.
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The genome-wide linkage scan in 525 families provided further evidence for complex inheritance of familial DZ twinning and revealed a potentially functional variant in the 5' untranslated region of FSHR that segregated with the Dz twinning phenotype in the Utah family.
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It is concluded that rare mutations in GDF9 may influence twinning, but twinning frequency is not associated with common variation in G DF9.
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Evidence is given that the mode of inheritance of DZ twinning is probably more complex than was originally expected and heterogeneity among the families is taken into account, and the peaks that were observed on chromosome 2, 7 and 18 could well contain a potential gene contributing to DZ twins.
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Chimpanzee twinning rates appear to be elevated relative to corresponding estimated human rates, making twinning and possibly heteropaternity more important features of chimpanzee reproductive biology than previously recognized.
Utilizing Twins as Controls for Non-Twin Case-Materials in Genome Wide Association Studies
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Twin registries around the globe have collected DNA samples from large numbers of monozygotic and dizygotic twins, and it is shown that twins and singletons can be used in genetic studies together with general population samples without introducing large bias.
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If there is a gene influencing DZ twinning on chromosome 4, its effect must be minor, and nonparametric affected sib pair methods for linkage analysis concluded.
The Genetics of Human DZ Twinning
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  • Psychology
    Twin Research and Human Genetics
  • 2020
TLDR
The meta-analyses that have at last met with success in finding the first genes that predispose to DZ twinning are described, which also appear to influence many other female reproductive traits.
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