Genetic and Environmental Influences on 2D:4D Finger Length Ratios: A Study of Monozygotic and Dizygotic Male and Female Twins

@article{Gobrogge2008GeneticAE,
  title={Genetic and Environmental Influences on 2D:4D Finger Length Ratios: A Study of Monozygotic and Dizygotic Male and Female Twins},
  author={Kyle L. Gobrogge and S. Marc Breedlove and Kelly L. Klump},
  journal={Archives of Sexual Behavior},
  year={2008},
  volume={37},
  pages={112-118}
}
Recent studies have shown significant sex differences in the pattern of 2D:4D finger length ratios in humans and several other mammalian species. In humans, these ratios are suggested to be negatively correlated with prenatal exposure to testosterone, positively correlated with prenatal estrogen, and exhibit sex specific patterns of association with sexually dimorphic clinical phenotypes. However, the relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences on digit ratios in men and… 
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68 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
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Background Citations
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Results Citations
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68 Citations

Multivariate Genetic Analyses of the 2D:4D Ratio: Examining the Effects of Hand and Measurement Technique in Data from 757 Twin Families
TLDR
Multivariate modeling of the left- and right-hand measurements revealed significant genetic and environmental covariation between hands, suggesting that X-linked effects (such as the previously identified association with the Androgen receptor) are likely to be small.
The Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D) in a Japanese Twin Sample: Heritability, Prenatal Hormone Transfer, and Association with Sexual Orientation
TLDR
The existence of non-shared environmental influences that affect both 2D:4D and sexual orientation are suggested, which are in the predicted direction according to the prenatal hormone transfer hypothesis.
Finger Length Ratios of Identical Twins with Discordant Sexual Orientations
TLDR
Examination of patterns in identical twins with discordant sexual orientations found males had more masculinized 2D:4D ratios than females, and this sex difference did not vary by sexual orientation.
Brief communication: Familial resemblance in digit ratio (2D:4D).
TLDR
Familial resemblance in the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), a proxy for prenatal androgen action, was studied in 1,260 individuals from 235 Austrian families and heritability estimates based on parent-child and full-sib dyad similarity indicated substantial genetic contributions to trait expression.
Depression Is Associated With the Absence of Sex Differences in the 2D:4D Ratio of the Right Hand
TLDR
It is concluded that major depression is associated with an absence of sex differences in the 2D:4D ratio and did not correlate with depression severity even when examined for group and sex separately.
Digit ratio (2D:4D) in newborns: influences of prenatal testosterone and maternal environment.
Digit Ratio (2D:4D), Abo Blood Type, and the Rhesus Factor
  • M. Voracek
  • Psychology, Biology
    Perceptual and motor skills
  • 2008
TLDR
Differences in 2D:4D by self-reported ABO blood type and Rhesus factor, two easily collectible genetic traits, in two samples were investigated and two consistent patterns emerged across samples, which may suggest genes contributing to the expression of 2D-4D reside in the vicinity of the gene loci of these blood groups or pleiotropic effects of the blood-group genes.
Through a glass, darkly: Human digit ratios reflect prenatal androgens, imperfectly
2D:4D Digit Ratios in Adults with Gender Dysphoria: A Comparison to Their Unaffected Same-Sex Heterosexual Siblings, Cisgender Heterosexual Men, and Cisgender Heterosexual Women.
We compared gender dysphoria (GD) patients and their same-sex siblings in terms of their 2D:4D ratios, which may reflect prenatal exposure to androgen, one of the possible etiological mechanisms…
The Sex-Related Differences of Relationships between 2D : 4D Ratio and Electroencephalographic Coherence in Patients with Schizophrenia Compared with Controls
TLDR
Low prenatal testosterone may play certain roles in altered correlation between 2D : 4D and cerebral laterality in schizophrenia and the development of schizophrenia by epigenetic mechanism.
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References

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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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