Gene duplication and exon shuffling by helitron-like transposons generate intraspecies diversity in maize

@article{Morgante2005GeneDA,
  title={Gene duplication and exon shuffling by helitron-like transposons generate intraspecies diversity in maize},
  author={Michele Morgante and Stephan Brunner and Giorgio Pea and Kevin A. Fengler and Andrea Zuccolo and Antoni J. Rafalski},
  journal={Nature Genetics},
  year={2005},
  volume={37},
  pages={997-1002}
}
We report a whole-genome comparison of gene content in allelic BAC contigs from two maize inbred lines. Genic content polymorphisms involve as many as 10,000 sequences and are mainly generated by DNA insertions. The termini of eight of the nine genic insertions that we analyzed shared the structural hallmarks of helitron rolling-circle transposons. DNA segments defined by helitron termini contained multiple gene-derived fragments and had a structure typical of nonautonomous helitron-like… 
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Origins, genetic organization and transcription of a family of non-autonomous helitron elements in maize.
TLDR
Evidence supporting the involvement of helitrons in the rapid evolution of the maize genome is reported, in particular in the multiplication of related genic fragments across the genome.
Identification and characterization of CACTA transposable elements capturing gene fragments in maize
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A gene involved in vitamin E synthesis was used in a case study to discover and characterize transposons carrying gene fragments in maize, and it was found that at least thirteen out of the 69 TEs had corresponding transcripts.
The polychromatic Helitron landscape of the maize genome
TLDR
Maize Helitron transposons are intriguing because of their notable ability to capture gene fragments and move them around the genome, and their composition, copy number, timing of insertion, and chromosomal distribution are analyzed.
Structural characterization of helitrons and their stepwise capturing of gene fragments in the maize genome
TLDR
The results indicate that gene fragments captured during the transposition of many helitrons happen in a stepwise way, with multiple gene fragments within one helitron resulting from several sequential transpositions.
Maize haplotype with a helitron-amplified cytidine deaminase gene copy
TLDR
The conservation of a paralogous gene sequence encoding a cytidine deaminase gene over 4.5 million years suggests that Helitrons could add functional gene sequences to new chromosomal positions and thereby create new haplotypes.
Novel exon combinations generated by alternative splicing of gene fragments mobilized by a CACTA transposon in Glycine max
TLDR
Results obtained from analysis of RT-PCR derived cDNAs of the Glycine max mutant flower color gene, wp, that contains a 5.7-kb transposon (Tgm-Express1) in Intron 2 of the flavanone 3-hydroxylase gene (F3H), provide some insights into the origin and mechanism of alternatively spliced genes.
Transposon-mediated expansion and diversification of a family of ULP-like genes.
TLDR
A genome-wide survey of transduplication in Mutator-like elements (MULEs) in Arabidopsis thaliana shows that the phenomenon is generally similar to rice transduPLication, with one important exception: KAONASHI (KI), suggesting that the function of KI may be selfish rather than cellular.
Gene Capture by Helitron Transposons Reshuffles the Transcriptome of Maize
TLDR
Helitrons have a phenomenal ability to “display” new coding regions for possible selection in nature by synthesizing new genes not only by placing unrelated exons into common transcripts, but also by transcription readthrough and capture of nearby exons.
A Helitron transposon reconstructed from bats reveals a novel mechanism of genome shuffling in eukaryotes
TLDR
This work reconstructs Helraiser, an ancient element from the bat genome, and uses this transposon as an experimental tool to unravel the mechanism of Helitron transposition, suggesting a replicative transposition mechanism which provides a powerful means to disseminate captured transcriptional regulatory signals across the genome.
Whole-genome variation of transposable element insertions in a maize diversity panel
TLDR
A population scale genome-wide assessment of TE variation in maize is provided and valuable insight on variation in TEs in maize and factors that contribute to this variation is provided.
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