# Gauge-free duality in pure square spin ice: Topological currents and monopoles

@article{Nisoli2021GaugefreeDI,
title={Gauge-free duality in pure square spin ice: Topological currents and monopoles},
author={Cristiano Nisoli},
year={2021}
}
• C. Nisoli
• Published 7 September 2021
• Physics
We consider a pure square spin ice, that is a square ice where only nearest neighbors are coupled. A gauge-free duality between the perpendicular and collinear structure leads to a natural description in terms of topological currents and charges as the relevant degrees of freedom. That, in turn, can be expressed via a continuous field theory where the discrete spins are subsumed into entropic interactions among charges and currents. This approach produces structure factors, correlations, and…

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