G protein subunit Gγ13 is coexpressed with Gαo, Gβ3, and Gβ4 in retinal ON bipolar cells

@article{Huang2003GPS,
  title={G protein subunit G$\gamma$13 is coexpressed with G$\alpha$o, G$\beta$3, and G$\beta$4 in retinal ON bipolar cells},
  author={Liquan Huang and Marianna Max and Robert F. Margolskee and Hui Su and Richard H. Masland and Thomas Euler},
  journal={Journal of Comparative Neurology},
  year={2003},
  volume={455}
}
We investigated the expression of Gγ13, a recently discovered G protein subunit, and a selection of Gβ subunits in retinal bipolar cells, by using a transgenic mouse strain in which green fluorescent protein is strongly expressed in a single type of cone bipolar cell. The cells have ON morphology, and patch‐clamp recordings in slices confirmed that they are of the physiological ON type. Immunohistochemistry showed that Gγ13 is expressed in rod bipolar cells and ON cone bipolar cells, where it… 
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Probing neurochemical structure and function of retinal ON bipolar cells with a transgenic mouse
TLDR
The production of a transgenic mouse is reported on in which enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), under control of mGluR6 promoter, was expressed in all and only ON bipolar cells, and it is shown that, in ONipolar cells, the channel concentrates in their dendritic tips.
Ret‐PCP2 colocalizes with protein kinase C in a subset of primate ON cone bipolar cells
TLDR
The hypothesis that Ret‐PCP2 contributes to shaping the various temporal bandwidths of ON cone bipolar cells in monkey retina is tested and it is found that the retinal splice variants in monkey and mouse are similar and longer than the cerebellar variants.
Different Functional Types of Bipolar Cells Use Different Gap-Junctional Proteins
TLDR
Bipolar cells in a transgenic mouse line that expresses high levels of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in one type of ON cone bipolar cell are studied to find strong Cx36 immunostaining in the axon terminals of the GFP-labeled type 357 bipolar cells in both vertical sections and whole mounts of the retina.
Gβ5–RGS complexes co‐localize with mGluR6 in retinal ON‐bipolar cells
The time course of G‐protein‐coupled responses is largely determined by the kinetics of GTP hydrolysis by the G protein α subunit, which is accelerated by interaction with regulator of G‐protein…
Vsx1 Regulates Terminal Differentiation of Type 7 ON Bipolar Cells
TLDR
It is shown that the homeobox gene Vsx1 is expressed in Type 7 ON bipolar cells and is necessary for proper ON visual signaling within a directionally selective circuit.
Localization of the calcium‐binding protein secretagogin in cone bipolar cells of the mammalian retina
TLDR
Evaluated in the mouse, rat, and rabbit retina, secretagogin is a useful marker of cone bipolar cells for studying alterations in bipolar cell morphology during development and degeneration and is observed in rod bipolar cells in any of these species.
Characterization of green fluorescent protein–expressing retinal cone bipolar cells in a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2a transgenic mouse line
Gβ3 Is Required for Normal Light ON Responses and Synaptic Maintenance
TLDR
It is reported that Gβ3 participates in the G-protein heterotrimer that couples mGluR6 to TRPM1 and may play a role in synaptic maintenance since in its absence, the number of invaginating rod bipolar dendrites is greatly reduced, a deficit that was not observed at 3 weeks, the end of the developmental period.
Mechanistic Basis for G Protein Function in ON Bipolar Cells
TLDR
This chapter presents the evidence that established Gαo, Gβ3, and Gγ13 as Go’s subunits in ON bipolar cells, and indicates that the different subunits also contribute to maintaining the synaptic integrity, at both the molecular and structural levels.
Electrical synapses in retinal ON cone bipolar cells: subtype-specific expression of connexins.
  • Yi HanS. Massey
  • Biology
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
  • 2005
TLDR
The results suggest that connexins are expressed in bipolar cells in a neuronal subtype-specific manner and that cx36/cx36 gap junctions form the heterologous electrical synapses between AII amacrine cells and BPGus-GFP cells.
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