Functionally Activated Brain Imaging (O‐15 PET and fMRI) in the Study of Learning and Memory after Traumatic Brain Injury

@article{Ricker2001FunctionallyAB,
  title={Functionally Activated Brain Imaging (O‐15 PET and fMRI) in the Study of Learning and Memory after Traumatic Brain Injury},
  author={Joseph H. Ricker and Frank G. Hillary and John DeLuca},
  journal={Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation},
  year={2001},
  volume={16},
  pages={191–205}
}
Advances in functional imaging technology and cognitive neuropsychology have resulted in paradigms in which participants can perform cognitive tasks during functional image acquisition. We will discuss the application of two approaches (oxygen-15 positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging) that have recently been used to examine components of learning and memory following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Activated functional brain imaging findings that we will discuss… 
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This paper outlines conceptual issues that are particularly important in the context of imaging changes in neural function through recovery process, and summarizes aset of methodological issues related to functional neuroimaging that are relevant for the study of neural plasticity and recovery after rehabilitation.
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This paper examines measures of the DLPFC hemodynamic response during a working memory task in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and healthy controls and investigates the use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which offers unique opportunities for recording neuroactivation.
Frontal hypoactivation on functional magnetic resonance imaging in working memory after severe diffuse traumatic brain injury.
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Severe TBI patients with diffuse brain damage show a pattern of cerebral hypoactivation in the right middle and superior frontal regions during working memory tasks, and also present an impaired pattern of performance correlations.
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Overall, functional neuroimaging after traumatic brain injury has shown reliable differences in brain activity within several regions of frontal cortex, partly but not uniformly consistent with neuropsychological and structural findings intraumatic brain injury.
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An increase in the functional use of both hemispheres of the parietal lobe, the cerebellum, and the posterior parietal cortex in TBI participants was revealed.
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Findings suggest that over-activation is at least partially effective for improving performance and may be compensatory in patients with the most severe injuries.
The Less BOLD, the Wiser: Support for the latent resource hypothesis after traumatic brain injury
TLDR
The findings suggest that neural recruitment in brain injury does not represent reorganization but a natural extension of latent mechanisms that engage transiently and are contingent upon cerebral challenge.
Decreased prefrontal cortex activity in mild traumatic brain injury during performance of an auditory oddball task
TLDR
Between-group analyses found evidence for potential compensatory brain activity during target detection and default-mode network dysfunction only during the detection of novel stimuli.
The Influence of Neuropathology on the fMRI Signal: A Measurement of Brain or Vein?
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Findings from three cases of individuals with severe brain trauma will be presented to show the influence of brain trauma on baseline cerebrovascular parameters measured by fMRI.
Disrupted brain functional hub and causal connectivity in acute mild traumatic brain injury
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Correlation analyses revealed that changes in network centrality and causal connectivity were associated with deficits in cognitive performance in mTBI.
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