Functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on subplate neurons in neonatal rat somatosensory cortex.

@article{Hanganu2004FunctionalNA,
  title={Functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on subplate neurons in neonatal rat somatosensory cortex.},
  author={Ileana L. Hanganu and Heiko J. Luhmann},
  journal={Journal of neurophysiology},
  year={2004},
  volume={92 1},
  pages={
          189-98
        }
}
The establishment of cortical synaptic circuits during early development requires the presence of subplate neurons (SPn's), a heterogeneous population of neurons capable to integrate and process synaptic information from the thalamus, cortical plate, and neighboring SPn's. An accumulation of cholinergic afferents and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) has been documentated in the subplate around birth. To assess the developmental role of the cholinergic innervation onto SPn's, we used… 
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Results confirmed the existence of a feedforward inhibitory loop between layer V pyramidal cells in the mouse similar to that found in the rat and ferret, and demonstrated that activation of nAChRs on the interceding interneuron can alter the strength of this feedforward loop.
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Subplate associated circuits are reviewed, their changing functions, and possible roles in development and disease are discussed, to suggest a crucial link between early injuries and later circuit dysfunction.
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The cholinergic input facilitates the neonatal V1 spindle bursts and may prime the developing cortex to operate specifically on relevant early (retinal waves) and later (visual input) stimuli.
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TLDR
The results show that SPNs are tightly integrated into the developing thalamocortical and intracortical circuit and that, while SPNs participate in an early feedforward circuit, they are also involved in a feedback circuit at older ages.
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TLDR
It is proposed that neuronal networks are organized at earliest stages in a gap junction coupled columnar syncytium, and that the subplate does not only serve as a transient relay station for afferent inputs, but rather as an active element amplifying the afferent and intracortical activity.
The Superior Function of the Subplate in Early Neocortical Development
TLDR
Although SPNs play pivotal roles in early neocortical activity, development and plasticity, they mostly disappear by programmed cell death during further maturation, and there is some evidence that enhanced survival rates or alterations in SPN distribution may contribute to the etiology of neurological or psychiatric disorders.
Expression of α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit mRNA during hippocampal and cortical development
TLDR
There is transient expression of α5 mRNA during cortical and hippocampal development, which places nicotinic receptors containing the α5 subunit in a position to regulate glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission during the postnatal period.
The subplate and early cortical circuits.
TLDR
SPns are vulnerable to injury during prenatal stages and might provide a crucial link between brain injury in development and later cognitive malfunction, and are a key regulator of cortical development and plasticity.
Modulation of Neocortical Development by Early Neuronal Activity: Physiology and Pathophysiology
TLDR
Functional impacts of classical neurotransmitters and modulatory systems on early neuronal activities in the neocortex with special emphasis on electrical synapses, nonsynaptic and synaptic currents are described.
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