Functional neuroanatomy of thyroid hormone feedback in the human hypothalamus and pituitary gland

@article{Fliers2006FunctionalNO,
  title={Functional neuroanatomy of thyroid hormone feedback in the human hypothalamus and pituitary gland},
  author={Eric Fliers and Unga A. Unmehopa and Anneke Alkemade},
  journal={Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology},
  year={2006},
  volume={251},
  pages={1-8}
}
A major change in thyroid setpoint regulation occurs in various clinical conditions such as critical illness and psychiatric disorders. As a first step towards identifying determinants of these setpoint changes, we have studied the distribution and expression of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) isoforms, type 2 and type 3 deiodinase (D2 and D3), and the thyroid hormone transporter monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) in the human hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. Although the post-mortem… Expand
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Central regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis: focus on clinical aspects.
TLDR
Congenital or acquired dysfunction of the hypothalamus or pituitary gland may result in central hypothyroidism (CeH), and a mutation in the immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 gene was reported as a novel cause of X-linked, apparently isolated CeH occurring in neonates, children and adults. Expand
Understanding the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Mct8 Deficiency
TLDR
The observed changes within the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis that result in altered TH production and secretion are summarized. Expand
The hypothyroid brain
The thyroid gland is controlled by a feedback system, the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, and produces thyroid hormone (TH), which plays a critical role in growth, development and cellular… Expand
Hypothalamic effects of thyroid hormone
TLDR
An overview of the literature suggests that intrahypothalamic T3 can have profound effects on hepatic glucose production and insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure in BAT, cardiovascular function and feeding behavior, and the clinical relevance of these metabolic effects in the chronic setting remains to be established. Expand
Thyroid hormone and the developing hypothalamus
TLDR
There is evidence suggesting a role for the hypothalamus in the regulation of TH concentrations during the fetal period anticipating birth, and a decrease in expression of proteins involved in TH signaling towards the end of pregnancy may indicate a lower fetal TH demand. Expand
5.08 – Thyroid Hormones and Brain Development
TLDR
This chapter is a review of the pathophysiology of TH action in the brain with a survey of the genes regulated by THs in brain and a description of clinical situations caused by defective TH signaling in an attempt to explain these syndromes with present knowledge of TH physiology and action at the molecular level. Expand
63 – Thyroid Hormones and Brain Development
TLDR
An analysis is made of the factors that control the tissue concentration and action of the active hormone triiodothyronine, such as thyroidal secretion, tissue expression of deiodinases, cellular transporters, and nuclear receptors, and a description of clinical situations caused by defective thyroid hormone signaling is described. Expand
Thyroid Hormones in Brain Development and Function
TLDR
The sydromes of Resistance to Thyroid Hormones due to receptor mutations, especially TRα, cause variable affectation of brain function and a deep understanding of the pathophysiology of these syndromes is needed to allow designing appropriate therapies. Expand
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TLDR
Dynamic changes in HPT axis setpoint regulation as well as TH metabolism at the peripheral organ level is flexible and dynamic, and may adapt the organism in an optimal way to a range of environmental challenges. Expand
The thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene is regulated by thyroid hormone at the level of transcription in vivo.
TLDR
It is shown that in the euthyroid state, TRH transcription is present both in the PVH and anterior/lateral hypothalamus and that genomic elements surrounding the TRH gene mediate its regulation by T(3). Expand
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References

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TLDR
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