Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: Current view on neuroendocrine aberrations

@article{Mczekalski2008FunctionalHA,
  title={Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: Current view on neuroendocrine aberrations},
  author={Błażej Męczekalski and Agnieszka Podfigurna-Stopa and Alina Warenik-Szymankiewicz and Andrea R Genazzani},
  journal={Gynecological Endocrinology},
  year={2008},
  volume={24},
  pages={11 - 4}
}
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is defined as a non-organic and reversible disorder in which the impairment of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulsatile secretion plays a key role. There are main three types of FHA: stress-related amenorrhea, weight loss-related amenorrhea and exercise-related amenorrhea. The spectrum of GnRH–luteinizing hormone (LH) disturbances in FHA is very broad and includes lower mean frequency of LH pulses, complete absence of LH pulsatility, normal… 
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Neuroendocrine and metabolic aspects of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
TLDR
Patients with FHA are characterized by limited peak bone mass formation and increased risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis and further studies on the short-term and long-term, cardiovascular and skeletal system consequences of hypoestrogenemia in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea are recommended.
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TLDR
FHA patients should be carefully diagnosed and properly managed to prevent both short- and long-term medical consequences, including the skeletal system, cardiovascular system, and mental problems.
Kisspeptin Role in Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea
TLDR
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Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: Causes, Complications, & Controversies
TLDR
Treatment options range from estrogen-replacement therapy to the administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone, depending on the reproductive goals of the woman, and more research is needed on novel treatments in order to determine the most effective standard of care.
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea — diagnostic challenges, monitoring, and treatment.
TLDR
Treatment of chronic anovulation, menstrual disorders, and secondary amenorrhea resulting from hypothalamic disorders should be aimed at the elimination of the primary cause, i.e. a decrease in psycho-emotional strain, avoidance of chronic stressors, reduction of physical exercise level, or optimisation of BMI in patients who lose weight.
Serum kisspeptin and corticotropin-releasing hormone levels in patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
TLDR
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is a disorder related to aberration of the pulsatile release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which impacts pubertal maturation and the regulation of the reproductive system.
Hypothalamic amenorrhea: from diagnosis to therapeutical approach.
Nutritional, Physical, and Psychological Stress and Functional Amenorrhea
TLDR
Cognitive behavioral therapy and hypnotherapy are the best potential approaches for ameliorating functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and increasing food intake and reducing stressful activities can be very effective in restoring menstruation.
Short-term estriol administration modulates hypothalamo-pituitary function in patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA)
TLDR
Estriol short-term therapy modulates within 10 d of administration the neuroendocrine control of the hypothalamus-pituitary unit and induces the recovery of both gonadotropins synthesis and secretion in hypogonadotropic patients with FHA.
Hypothalamic amenorrhea : From diagnosis to therapeutical approach Aménorrhée hypothalamique du diagnostic à l ’ approche thérapeutique
TLDR
Among secondary amenorrheas, hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA) is the one with no evidence of endocrine/systemic causal factors and it has to be excluded any endocrine disease or any metabolic and systemic disorders.
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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