• Corpus ID: 19539317

Functional cooperation between the non-paralogous genes Hoxa-10 and Hoxd-11 in the developing forelimb and axial skeleton.

@article{Favier1996FunctionalCB,
  title={Functional cooperation between the non-paralogous genes Hoxa-10 and Hoxd-11 in the developing forelimb and axial skeleton.},
  author={By V. Favier and Filippo M. Rijli and Catherine Fromental-Ramain and Valérie Fraulob and Pierre Chambon and Pascal Doll{\'e}},
  journal={Development},
  year={1996},
  volume={122 2},
  pages={
          449-60
        }
}
The Abdominal B-related Hoxa-10 gene displays similar expression patterns in the differentiating forelimbs and hindlimbs of the mouse, with preferential expression around the humeral and femoral cartilages and more diffuse expression in distal regions. We found that a targeted disruption of Hoxa-10 has almost no effect in the forelimbs, while it affects the proximal hindlimb skeleton. The alterations were located along the dorsolateral side of the femur (labium laterale), with an enlargement… 
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A measure of the functional redundancy of Hoxa-10 and HoxA-11 is provided and a deeper understanding of the phenotypes resulting in the single mutants is understood to help elucidate the regulatory interactions between these two genes.
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Targeted disruption of Hoxd-10 affects mouse hindlimb development.
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A role for the Hoxd-10 gene in establishing regional identity within the spinal cord is suggested and patterning of the spinal Cord may have intrinsic components and is not completely imposed by the surrounding mesoderm.
Targeted disruption of Hoxd9 and Hoxd10 alters locomotor behavior, vertebral identity, and peripheral nervous system development.
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Observations support the idea that adjacent Hox genes with overlapping expression patterns may interact functionally to provide patterning information to the same regions of developing mouse embryos.
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It is proposed that the Ulnaless mutation alters a cis-acting element that regulates HoxD expression specifically in the appendicular axes of the embryo.
Functional comparison of the Hoxa 4, Hoxa 10, and Hoxa 11 homeoboxes.
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It is demonstrated that even the most conserved regions of Hox genes, the homeoboxes, are not functionally interchangeable in the development of most tissues, as previously seen in simpler organisms.
Duplication of the Hoxd11 gene causes alterations in the axial and appendicular skeleton of the mouse.
TLDR
Genetic assays demonstrated that two tandem copies of Hoxd11 were functionally indistinguishable from the normal two copies of the gene on separate chromosomes with respect to formation of the axial and appendicular skeleton, and therefore Hoxa11 and HoxD11 are functionally equivalent in the zeugopod.
Targeted mutations in hoxa-9 and hoxb-9 reveal synergistic interactions.
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It is shown that hoxb-9 plays a significant role in the specification of thoracic skeletal elements and both the penetrance and the expressivity of the rib and sternal defects are increased, suggesting synergistic interactions between these genes.
Hox group 3 paralogous genes act synergistically in the formation of somitic and neural crest-derived structures.
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It is demonstrated that all three members of this paralogous group interact synergistically to affect the development of both neuronal and mesenchymal neural crest-derived structures, as well as somitic mesoderm- derived structures.
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