Frerea indica, a stem succulent CAM plant with deciduous C3 leaves

@article{Lange2004FrereaIA,
  title={Frerea indica, a stem succulent CAM plant with deciduous C3 leaves},
  author={Otto Ludwig Lange and Margit Zuber},
  journal={Oecologia},
  year={2004},
  volume={31},
  pages={67-72}
}
SummaryDuring the winter in greenhouse culture, Frerea indica(Asclepiadaceae) is a leafless stem succulent resembling the other members of the Stapelieae subfamily. However, in spring it produces leaves which persist during the summer period. CO2 exchange measurements were carried out with Frerea indica at its different seasonal states of development. The leafless stems in winter as well as the defoliated ones in summer show all characteristics of Crassulacean acid metabolism. The leaves, on… 
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