# Free-Electron Lasers

@article{Brau1988FreeElectronL,
title={Free-Electron Lasers},
author={Charles A. Brau},
journal={Science},
year={1988},
volume={239},
pages={1115 - 1121}
}
• C. Brau
• Published 4 March 1988
• Physics
• Science
Free-electron lasers are tunable, potentially powerful sources of coherent radiation over a broad range of wavelengths from the far-infrared to the far-ultraviolet regions of the spectrum. These unique capabilities make them suitable for a broad variety of applications from medicine to strategic defense.
402 Citations
An introduction to free‐electron lasers is given. A short history of electron sources for and the operating characteristics of the free‐electron laser are included in this short essay. (AIP)
• Physics
• 1987
We review the main aspects of Free Electron Laser Physics and the relevant state of art, describe the operating principle of the device and discuss the role of some key parameters. We specify
• A. Zholents
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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics
• 2012
Research frontiers for future free-electron lasers are discussed. Attention is given to ideas for improving the temporal coherence and obtaining subfemtosecond X-ray pulses. Improving brightness of
Free-electron lasers (FELs) are accelerator-based light sources that produce light with laser-like properties.
• Physics
• 2012
Free-electron lasers for hard X-rays can be constructed in the oscillator configuration by employing diamond crystals as X-ray mirrors. An X-ray FEL oscillator (XFELO) will produce highly stable
• LiuNeil
• Physics
Physical review letters
• 1993
A new method of using an additional laser for electron-beam conditioning in free-electron lasers and synchrotrons is proposed and the axial energy spread of electrons due to their betatron motion in undulators can be dramatically reduced by interacting with a quasi-TEM[sub 10] mode Gaussian optical beam.
• Physics
Physical review letters
• 2008
We show that a free-electron laser oscillator generating x rays with wavelengths of about 1 A is feasible using ultralow emittance electron beams of a multi-GeV energy-recovery linac, combined with a
• Physics
• 1989
Using a normalized set of nonlinear equations, which describe a free‐electron laser (FEL) oscillator, the efficiency of energy extraction from the electron beam to the radiation can be optimized. The

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Using beams of low-energy electrons (E 10 kW, cw) source of laser radiation. With electrostatic accelerators the electron beam can be recycled to increase the overall efficiency of the laser. Wall
A review of free-electron laser research at UCSB is presented here. Among the topics included are 1) the development of high-quality electron beam sources based on electrostatic accelerating fields,
• Physics
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A free-electron laser oscillator has been operated above threshold at a wavelength of 3.4 \ensuremath{\mu}m.
• Physics
Physical review letters
• 1985
A high-gain, high-extraction-efficiency, linearly polarized free-electron laser amplifier has been operated at 34.6 GHz and results are in good agreement with linear models at small signal levels and nonlinear models at large signal levels.
Time-structure and frequency-spectrum measurements of the UC Santa Barbara free-electron-laser oscillator show that for periods shorter than 5 microsec, the laser-frequency changes in unexpected quantized steps, which may be explained in terms of a homogeneously broadened gain profile coupled to a small monotonic drift in electron-beam energy.
• Physics
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During a year of oscillator experiments, the Los Alamos free-electron laser has demonstrated high-power and diffraction-limited output capabilities with a factor-of-4 wavelength tunability in the
The Weizsacker‐Williams method is used to calculate the gain due to the induced emission of radiation into a single electromagnetic mode parallel to the motion of a relativistic electron through a
• Physics
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Abstract : Gain has been observed at 10.6 micrometers due to stimulated emission of radiation by relativistic electrons in a spatially periodic transverse magnetic field. The magnitude of the