# Free-Electron Lasers

@article{Brau1988FreeElectronL,
title={Free-Electron Lasers},
author={Charles A. Brau},
journal={Science},
year={1988},
volume={239},
pages={1115 - 1121}
}
• C. Brau
• Published 4 March 1988
• Physics
• Science
Free-electron lasers are tunable, potentially powerful sources of coherent radiation over a broad range of wavelengths from the far-infrared to the far-ultraviolet regions of the spectrum. These unique capabilities make them suitable for a broad variety of applications from medicine to strategic defense.
405 Citations

### Free‐electron lasers

An introduction to free‐electron lasers is given. A short history of electron sources for and the operating characteristics of the free‐electron laser are included in this short essay. (AIP)

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• A. Zholents
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IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics
• 2012
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### An X-ray Free-Electron Laser Oscillator for Record High Spectral Purity, Brightness, and Stability

• Physics
• 2012
Free-electron lasers for hard X-rays can be constructed in the oscillator configuration by employing diamond crystals as X-ray mirrors. An X-ray FEL oscillator (XFELO) will produce highly stable

### Absorption and Emission in a Free Electron Lasers

Multiphoton processes in undulators with plane polarized magnetic field are considered. It is shown that the use of strong magnetic fields in the undulator, for beams with relatively low energy makes

• LiuNeil
• Physics
Physical review letters
• 1993
A new method of using an additional laser for electron-beam conditioning in free-electron lasers and synchrotrons is proposed and the axial energy spread of electrons due to their betatron motion in undulators can be dramatically reduced by interacting with a quasi-TEM[sub 10] mode Gaussian optical beam.

### A proposal for an X-ray free-electron laser oscillator with an energy-recovery linac.

• Physics
Physical review letters
• 2008
We show that a free-electron laser oscillator generating x rays with wavelengths of about 1 A is feasible using ultralow emittance electron beams of a multi-GeV energy-recovery linac, combined with a

## References

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Using beams of low-energy electrons (E 10 kW, cw) source of laser radiation. With electrostatic accelerators the electron beam can be recycled to increase the overall efficiency of the laser. Wall

### Free-electron laser research at the University of California, Santa Barbara

A review of free-electron laser research at UCSB is presented here. Among the topics included are 1) the development of high-quality electron beam sources based on electrostatic accelerating fields,

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We report the first generation of vacuum-ultraviolet harmonics of an external laser focused on an ultrarelativistic electron bunch circulating in a periodic magnetic field. The amplification of the

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A free-electron laser oscillator has been operated above threshold at a wavelength of 3.4 \ensuremath{\mu}m.

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• Physics
Physical review letters
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A high-gain, high-extraction-efficiency, linearly polarized free-electron laser amplifier has been operated at 34.6 GHz and results are in good agreement with linear models at small signal levels and nonlinear models at large signal levels.

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Time-structure and frequency-spectrum measurements of the UC Santa Barbara free-electron-laser oscillator show that for periods shorter than 5 microsec, the laser-frequency changes in unexpected quantized steps, which may be explained in terms of a homogeneously broadened gain profile coupled to a small monotonic drift in electron-beam energy.

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During a year of oscillator experiments, the Los Alamos free-electron laser has demonstrated high-power and diffraction-limited output capabilities with a factor-of-4 wavelength tunability in the