Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners

@article{Lieberman2010FootSP,
  title={Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners},
  author={Daniel E. Lieberman and Madhusudhan Venkadesan and William Werbel and Adam I. Daoud and Susan E. D’Andrea and Irene S. Davis and Robert Ojiambo Mang’eni and Yannis P. Pitsiladis},
  journal={Nature},
  year={2010},
  volume={463},
  pages={531-535}
}
Humans have engaged in endurance running for millions of years, but the modern running shoe was not invented until the 1970s. For most of human evolutionary history, runners were either barefoot or wore minimal footwear such as sandals or moccasins with smaller heels and little cushioning relative to modern running shoes. We wondered how runners coped with the impact caused by the foot colliding with the ground before the invention of the modern shoe. Here we show that habitually barefoot… Expand
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1,144 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
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1,144 Citations

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Biomechanics: Barefoot running strikes back
  • W. Jungers
  • Environmental Science, Medicine
  • Nature
  • 2010
TLDR
A comparison by Daniel Lieberman and colleagues of the biomechanics of habitually shod versus habitually bare foot runners now suggests that the collision-free way that barefoot runners typically land is not only comfortable but may also help avoid some impact-related repetitive stress injuries. Expand
Is the foot striking pattern more important than barefoot or shod conditions in running?
TLDR
Higher muscle activity in the gastrocnemius was observed when running with a forefoot strike, which may imply a greater training load on the muscle and a tendency for injury. Expand
Kinematic and kinetic comparison of barefoot and shod running in mid/forefoot and rearfoot strike runners.
TLDR
Results suggest that when barefoot, the RFS group ran similar to the M/FFS group running barefoot or shod, and RFS individuals saw reduced impact peak magnitudes. Expand
Variation in Foot Strike Patterns during Running among Habitually Barefoot Populations
TLDR
The results indicate that not all habitually barefoot people prefer running with a forefoot strike, and suggest that other factors such as running speed, training level, substrate mechanical properties, running distance, and running frequency, influence the selection of foot strike patterns. Expand
Spatiotemporal characteristics of habitually shod runners change when performing barefoot running
IntroductionHabitually shod rear-foot strike (RFS) runners demonstrate changes in spatiotemporal variables when running barefoot; however, it is unknown whether these changes are a function of… Expand
Acute effects of barefoot, minimal shoes and running shoes on lower limb mechanics in rear and forefoot strike runners
TLDR
The current findings only pertain to acute changes between shoe conditions, and therefore training interventions in minimal footwear are warranted to further understand the adaptation effects of shod to barefoot or RFS to FFS running on lower limb biomechanics and running performance. Expand
Comparison of foot strike patterns of barefoot and minimally shod runners in a recreational road race
Abstract Background Previous studies of foot strike patterns of distance runners in road races have typically found that the overwhelming majority of shod runners initially contact the ground on the… Expand
Footfall patterns during barefoot running on harder and softer surfaces
It has been suggested that the development of a thick, soft midsole of running shoes over the past 30 years has been primarily responsible for the majority of runners adopting a rearfoot or heel-toe… Expand
Effects of footwear and strike type on running economy.
TLDR
Minimally shodrunners are modestly but significantly more economical than traditionally shod runners regardless of strike type, after controlling for shoe mass and stride frequency. Expand
Acute effect of different minimalist shoes on foot strike pattern and kinematics in rearfoot strikers during running
TLDR
It appears that minimalist footwear with lower heel heights and minimal shock absorption is more effective in replicating barefoot running. Expand
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References

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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
It is hypothesized that the adaptations which produce shock absorption, an inherent consequence of barefoot activity and a mechanism responsible for the low injury frequency in unshod populations, are related to deflection of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot on loading. Expand
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