Fluid and electrolyte needs for training, competition, and recovery

@article{Shirreffs2011FluidAE,
  title={Fluid and electrolyte needs for training, competition, and recovery},
  author={Susan M. Shirreffs and Michael N. Sawka},
  journal={Journal of Sports Sciences},
  year={2011},
  volume={29},
  pages={S39 - S46}
}
Abstract Fluids and electrolytes (sodium) are consumed by athletes, or recommended to athletes, for a number of reasons, before, during, and after exercise. These reasons are generally to sustain total body water, as deficits (hypohydration) will increase cardiovascular and thermal strain and degrade aerobic performance. Vigorous exercise and warm/hot weather induce sweat production, which contains both water and electrolytes. Daily water (4–10 L) and sodium (3500–7000 mg) losses in active… 
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Optimal Composition of Fluid-Replacement
The objective of this article is to provide a review of the fundamental aspects of body fluid balance and the physiological consequences of water imbalances, as well as discuss considerations for the…
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