First Components Found for Key Kidney Filter

@article{Wickelgren1999FirstCF,
  title={First Components Found for Key Kidney Filter},
  author={Ingrid Wickelgren},
  journal={Science},
  year={1999},
  volume={286},
  pages={225 - 226}
}
Researchers have for the first time identified protein components of the filter, known as the "slit diaphragm," that prevents proteins from leaking into the urine from the capillaries of the glomeruli, the tiny globes of kidney tissue where the urine is formed. Kidney specialists are hailing the discoveries, one of which is described on page 312, because they may help them understand both normal kidney function and also provide therapeutic targets for a class of kidney diseases-those… 
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Genetic kidney diseases disclose the pathogenesis of proteinuria
TLDR
It seems that the slit diaphragm and its interplay with the podocyte cytoskeleton is critical for the normal sieving process, and defects in one of these components easily lead to proteinuria.
Molecular composition and function of the slit diaphragm: nephrin, the molecule responsible for proteinuria
TLDR
It is observed that the slit diaphragm structure was maintained in mAb 5-1-6 nephropathy, although nephrin expression was dramatically decreased, suggesting that nephin is not essential for maintaining the structural integrity of the slitdiaphragms.
Identification and characterization of a glomerular-specific promoter from the human nephrin gene.
TLDR
A 1.25-kb DNA fragment from the human nephrin promoter and 5'-flanking region that is capable of directing podocyte-specific expression in transgenic mice is identified, representing the first glomerular-specific promoter to be identified.
Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β in the Kidney — Physiology and Pathology
TLDR
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been recognized as a central player in the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis owing to its activity of both stimulating matrix production and blocking matrix degradation.
The Number of Podocyte Slit Diaphragms Is Decreased in Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome
TLDR
The results suggest that MCNS is associated with disruption of glomerular slit diaphragms, and minimal change nephrotic syndrome and membranous nephropathy as controls were used as controls.
Patterns of nephrin and a new proteinuria-associated protein expression in human renal diseases.
TLDR
Unmasking or de novo expression of distinct glomerular proteins may be an important feature reflecting the pathophysiological events in these diseases with altered glomersular permeability, while only mild changes in the slit diaphragm protein nephrin appear to take place.
Expression of nephrin in pediatric kidney diseases.
TLDR
Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization did not reveal major alterations in the expression of nephrin in proteinuric kidney diseases in children, and the distributions of these two proteins in capillary tufts were similar in all disease entities studied.
Diseases of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier: Alport Syndrome and Congenital Nephrosis (NPHS1)
Nephrotic syndrome - recent advances. Proteinuria as a manifestation and a mediator of progressive renal disease
TLDR
Treatment with agents inhibiting the renin−angiotensin system retards the progressive course of chronic renal diseases and improves the prognosis for glomerular injury and interstitial fibrosis.
Role of nephrin in cell junction formation in human nephrogenesis.
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