Finger-length ratios show evidence of prenatal hormone-transfer between opposite-sex twins

@article{Anders2006FingerlengthRS,
  title={Finger-length ratios show evidence of prenatal hormone-transfer between opposite-sex twins},
  author={Sari M. van Anders and Philip A. Vernon and Christopher J. Wilbur},
  journal={Hormones and Behavior},
  year={2006},
  volume={49},
  pages={315-319}
}
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159 Citations
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159 Citations

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Investigation of the 2D:4D ratio of 44 men and 70 women from 36 identical and 21 fraternal twin pairs suggested that the trait is substantially heritable, consistent with a prediction from sex-hormone transfer theory.
EVIDENCE FOR ASSORTATIVE MATING ON DIGIT RATIO (2D:4D), A BIOMARKER FOR PRENATAL ANDROGEN EXPOSURE
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It is argued that assortative mating on 2D:4D operates indirectly and may be mediated through the assortment on other, more perceptible, physical traits and psychological phenotypes that entertain associations with 2D-4D and are relevant for courtship and mate choice.
Finger length ratios (2D:4D) in anthropoids implicate reduced prenatal androgens in social bonding.
TLDR
Test the relationship between digit ratios and behavior across nonhuman anthropoids; polygynous species, with higher levels of intrasexual competition, should have more pronounced markers of PAE (lower 2D:4D) than pair-bonded species, and results accord with those found in humans.
Intrauterine Position Effects on Anogenital Distance and Digit Ratio in Male and Female Mice
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The lack of correlation between 2D:4D and AGDs in this mouse strain suggests that these two measures do not reflect a common influence of androgen exposure, and the possible roles of temporal and localized effects of masculinization are discussed.
No association between two candidate markers of prenatal sex hormones: digit ratios (2D:4D and other) and finger-ridge counts.
TLDR
Some doubt is cast on the validity of retrospective pointers to prenatal androgen levels based on the associations of 2D:4D with finger-ridge counts, one such further under-researched marker.
The Second to Fourth Digit Ratio (2D:4D) in a Japanese Twin Sample: Heritability, Prenatal Hormone Transfer, and Association with Sexual Orientation
TLDR
The existence of non-shared environmental influences that affect both 2D:4D and sexual orientation are suggested, which are in the predicted direction according to the prenatal hormone transfer hypothesis.
Sexual orientation and the second to fourth finger length ratio: a meta-analysis in men and women.
TLDR
It is found that heterosexual women had higher (more feminine) left- and right-hand 2D:4D than did lesbians, but there was no difference between heterosexual and gay men.
Second to fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D) and adult sex hormone levels: New data and a meta-analytic review
Digit ratio (2D:4D), dominance, reproductive success, asymmetry, and sociosexuality in the BBC Internet Study
  • J. Manning, B. Fink
  • Psychology
    American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council
  • 2008
TLDR
The BBC Internet Study of sex differences in which finger lengths were self‐measured shows sexual dimorphism, ethnic differences and higherDimorphism of right 2D:4D than left, thereby indicating that 2D-4D does measure real between‐participant variation.
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References

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Differences in 2D:4D ratio suggest that MZ twins share virtually the same genes, and lower ratio in lesbians is a result of differences in prenatal environment.
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TLDR
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