Fgf10 is essential for limb and lung formation

@article{Sekine1999Fgf10IE,
  title={Fgf10 is essential for limb and lung formation},
  author={Keisuke Sekine and Hideyo Ohuchi and Masanori Fujiwara and Masahiro Yamasaki and Tatsuya Yoshizawa and Takashi Sato and Naoko Yagishita and Daisuke Matsui and Yoshihiko Koga and Nobuyuki Itoh and Shigeaki Kato},
  journal={Nature Genetics},
  year={1999},
  volume={21},
  pages={138-141}
}
The interactions between fibroblast growth factors (FGF) and their receptors have important roles in mediating mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions during embryogenesis. In particular, Fgf10 is predicted to function as a regulator of brain, lung and limb development on the basis of its spatiotemporal expression pattern in the developing embryo. To define the role of Fgf10, we generated Fgf10-deficient mice. Fgf10-/- mice died at birth due to the lack of lung development. Trachea was formed… 
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1,171 Citations

Identification of FGF10 Targets in the Embryonic Lung Epithelium during Bud Morphogenesis*
TLDR
Global changes in gene expression are identified in lung epithelial explants undergoing FGF10-mediated budding in the absence of other growth factors and mesenchyme and found that some genes implicated in tumor invasion and metastatic behavior are epithelial targets of Fgf10 in the lung and other developing organs that depend on F gf10-Fgfr2 signaling to properly form.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 and Vertebrate Limb Development
TLDR
The observed limb phenotype is similar to the severe proximal truncations observed in human babies exposed to thalidomide, which has been proposed to block the Fgf10-AER-Fgf8 feedback loop.
Fgf18 is required for embryonic lung alveolar development.
Functions of FGF signalling from the apical ectodermal ridge in limb development
TLDR
It is shown that FGF4 and FGF8 regulate cell number in the nascent limb bud and are required for survival of cells located far from the AER, and these functions are essential to ensure that sufficient progenitor cells are available to form the normal complement of skeletal elements, and perhaps other limb tissues.
FGF10 maintains distal lung bud epithelium and excessive signaling leads to progenitor state arrest, distalization, and goblet cell metaplasia
TLDR
It is concluded that FGF 10 inhibits terminal differentiation in the embryonic lung and maintains the distal epithelium, and that excessive levels of FGF10 leads to metaplastic differentiation of goblet cells similar to that seen in chronic inflammatory diseases.
Requirements for FGF3 and FGF10 during inner ear formation
TLDR
Double mutant mice are created for FGF3 and FGF10, which form severely reduced otic vesicles, suggesting redundant roles of these FGFs, acting in combination as neural signals for oic vesicle formation.
Fgf10 dosage is critical for the amplification of epithelial cell progenitors and for the formation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development.
The dominant hemimelia mutation uncouples epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and disrupts anterior mesenchyme formation in mouse hindlimbs.
TLDR
It is shown here that the mouse mutation dominant hemimelia (Dh) alters the pattern of gene expression in the AER such that Fgf4, which is normally expressed in a posterior domain, and FgF8, who are expressed throughout are expressed in anterior patterns.
Discordant roles for FGF ligands in lung branching morphogenesis between human and mouse
TLDR
It is demonstrated that FGF7 and FGF9 had similar effects on human fetal lung as on mouse fetal lung; however, FGF10 caused the human explants to expand and form cysts as opposed to inducing epithelial branching as seen in the mouse.
Conditional gene inactivation reveals roles for Fgf10 and Fgfr2 in establishing a normal pattern of epithelial branching in the mouse lung
TLDR
The results indicate that both Fgf10 and Fgfr2 are required for a normal branching program and for proper proximal–distal patterning of the lung.
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References

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