Feasibility study on manganese nodules recovery in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone
@inproceedings{Agarwal2012FeasibilitySO,
title={Feasibility study on manganese nodules recovery in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone},
author={Baivau Agarwal and Pan Hu and Marco Placidi and Harrif Santo and Jenny J. Zhou},
year={2012}
}The sea occupies three quarters of the area on the earth and provides various kinds of resources to mankind in the form of minerals, food, medicines and even energy. “Seabed exploitation” specifically deals with recovery of the resources that are found on the seabed, in the form of solids, liquids and gasses (methane hydrates, oil and natural gas). The resources are abundant; nevertheless the recovery process from the seabed, poses various challenges to mankind. This study starts with a review…
Figures and Tables from this paper
figure 1 
table 1 
figure 2 
table 2 
figure 3 
table 3 
figure 4 
table 4 
figure 5 
table 5 
figure 6 
table 6 
figure 7 
table 7 
figure 8 
table 8 
figure 9 
table 9 
figure 10 
table 10 
figure 11 
table 11 
figure 12 
table 12 
figure 13 
table 13 
figure 14 
table 14 
figure 15 
table 15 
figure 16 
table 16 
figure 17 
table 17 
figure 18 
table 18 
figure 19 
table 19 
figure 20 
table 20 
figure 21 
table 21 
figure 22 
table 22 
figure 23 
table 23 
figure 24 
figure 25 
figure 26 
figure 27 
figure 28 
figure 29 
figure 30 
figure 31 
figure 32 
figure 33 
figure 34 
figure 35 
figure 36 
figure 37 
figure 38 
figure 39 
figure 40 
figure 41 
figure 42 
figure 43 
figure 44 
figure 45 
figure 46 
figure 47 
figure 48 
figure 49 
figure 50
13 Citations
Metallurgical Processing of Polymetallic Ocean Nodules
- Materials Science
- 2017
During the last five decades metallurgical processing of polymetallic nodule is of global interest—as well as a challenge—for researchers, and industries. This has generated a vast knowledge base,…
Techno-economic Perspective on Processing of Polymetallic Ocean Nodules
- Environmental ScienceEnvironmental Issues of Deep-Sea Mining
- 2019
This chapter looks at the techno-economic feasibility of processing of polymetallic nodules obtained from Pacific as well as Indian Ocean with an emphasis on cobalt market. Numerous processing routes…
Geology and market-dependent significance of rare earth element resources
- GeologyMineralium Deposita
- 2014
China started to produce rare earth elements (REEs) in the 1980s, and since the mid-1990s, it has become the dominant producer. Rare earth element export quotas first introduced by the Chinese…
A comprehensive approach for a techno-economic assessment of nodule mining in the deep sea
- Geology
- 2018
Mine planning of land-based mineral deposits follows well-established methods. The deep sea is currently under exploration, but mine planning approaches are still lacking. A spatial planning tool to…
The Cook Islands (South Pacific) experience in governance of seabed manganese nodule mining
- GeologyOcean & Coastal Management
- 2019
Feasibility assessment methods for the economic extraction of seafloor massive sulphide deposits
- Geology
- 2016
The potential emergence of mining seafloor massive sulphide deposits make it necessary to assess the economic feasibility of these deposits. In this thesis it is suggested that a series of…
A proposed concept design solution towards full-scale manganese nodule recovery
- Environmental Science
- 2013
ABSTRACT This paper, a product of an intensive eight-week Lloyd’s Re-gister Educational Trust (LRET) Collegium held during July -September 2012 in Southampton, UK, presents an innovative…
Potential of fast growing poplar, willow and paulownia for bioenergy production
- Environmental Science
- 2015
The plantation harvesting, the calorific value and the glucose yield from fast growing Populus alba, Salix viminalis rubra and Paulownia elongata from Bulgaria make that tree species perspective and suitable for bioenergy production.
Fundamental Geotechnical Considerations for Design of Deep-Sea Mining Systems
- Geology
- 2017
The importance of manganese nodules, seafloor massive sulfides, and cobalt-rich manganese crusts as future metal sources has been well recognized. However, less geotechnical information of the…
POSSIBILITIES AND TECHNOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF POLYMETALLIC NODULES EXCAVATION
- 2014
W artykule przedstawiono metody i układy technologiczne wykorzystywane lub projektowane do eksploatacji oceanicznych złóż konkrecji polimetalicznych. Przytoczono podział tych metod ze względu na…
References
SHOWING 1-10 OF 81 REFERENCES
Economic aspects of nodule mining
- Geology
- 1977
Although deep-sea manganese nodules were discovered over a'century ago by scientists of the HMS Challenger expedition, few analyses of the nodules for the economically significant elements such as…
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PROCESSING OCEAN MANGANESE NODULES—A CRITICAL REVIEW
- Materials Science
- 2004
This article reviews the state of the art in processing and extracting ocean manganese nodules. It briefly reviews the mining sites where abundant rich nodules occur and also describes the metal…
A comparison between manganese nodules and cobalt crust economics in a scenario of mutual exclusivity
- Economics
- 2012
Manganese nodule price trends: Dim prospects for the commercialization of deep seabed mining
- Geology
- 1993
Synthesis of environmental impacts of deep seabed mining
- Environmental Science
- 1999
A synthesis of environmental data compiled over the past 25 years is reviewed and organized. We describe the anticipated activities associated with exploration for commercial deposits, with…
Deep-sea Environmental Disturbance and Recovery Potential
- Environmental Science
- 1992
Results of such experiments and general knowledge of deep-sea ecology suggest that decades may be required for reestablishment of a balanced community, since the nodules will be removed and epigrowth on hard substrates is thereby precluded.
Deep Seabed Mining: Past Failures and Future Prospects
- Geology
- 2002
The first attempt to exploit deep-sea manganese nodules ended in failure as a result of the collapse of world metal prices, the onerous provisions imposed by the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea…
What was old is new again: economic potential of deep ocean minerals the second time around
- EconomicsProceedings of OCEANS 2005 MTS/IEEE
- 2005
After reaching a peak in the 1970s, interest in exploitation of the minerals of the deep ocean floor sharply declined to the point where it is hard to remember when the prospects of mining the ocean…
The deep-sea floor ecosystem: current status and prospects of anthropogenic change by the year 2025
- Environmental ScienceEnvironmental Conservation
- 2003
Current impacts of human activities on the deep-sea floor ecosystem are reviewed, and anthropogenic changes to this ecosystem by the year 2025 are predicted, to help assess the risk of species extinctions from large-scale mining.