Fast ion surface energy loss and straggling in the surface wake fields.

@article{Nandi2013FastIS,
  title={Fast ion surface energy loss and straggling in the surface wake fields.},
  author={T. Nandi and K. Haris and Hala and Gurjeet Singh and Pankaj Kumar and Rajesh Kumar and Supriya Saini and S. A. Khan and Akhil Jhingan and Preeti Verma and A. Tauheed and D. Mehta and H. Gordon Berry},
  journal={Physical review letters},
  year={2013},
  volume={110 16},
  pages={
          163203
        }
}
We have measured the stopping powers and straggling of fast, highly ionized atoms passing through thin bilayer targets made up of metals and insulators. We were surprised to find that the energy losses as well as the straggling depend on the ordering of the target and have small but significantly different values on bilayer reversal. We ascribe this newly found difference in energy loss to the surface energy loss field effect due to the differing surface wake fields as the beam exits the target… 
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