Experimental gaze palsies in monkeys and their relation to human pathology.

@article{Henn1984ExperimentalGP,
  title={Experimental gaze palsies in monkeys and their relation to human pathology.},
  author={V. Henn and Walter Lang and Klaus Hepp and Harvey Reisine},
  journal={Brain : a journal of neurology},
  year={1984},
  volume={107 ( Pt 2)},
  pages={
          619-36
        }
}
Lesions were placed in the paramedian pontine reticular formation ( PPRF ) of monkeys and the resulting gaze palsies studied. Brainstem regions were identified by single cell recordings before kainic acid was injected to selectively destroy neuronal cell bodies in the vicinity. Unilateral PPRF lesions led to a loss of all rapid eye movements towards the ipsilateral side. Deficits were identical to those after experimental electrolytic lesions in monkeys, or structural lesions in humans… 
View on PubMed
brain.oxfordjournals.org
151 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
3
Background Citations
29
Results Citations
2

Figures from this paper

151 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

Selective Unidirectional Horizontal Saccadic Paralysis From Acute Ipsilateral Pontine Stroke
  • T. Pham, J. Trobe
  • Medicine, Psychology
    Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society
  • 2017
TLDR
A patient with impaired rightward saccades but spared rightward pursuit eye movements had a brain MRI showing a discrete area of restricted diffusion in the region corresponding to the PPRF.
Slow saccades and quick phases of nystagmus after pontine lesions.
TLDR
A patient was referred to the university hospital to test eye movements after she had suffered cerebellar hemorrhage one month previously and examination showed a selective deficit of saccades and quick phases of nystagmus toward the lesion site in the horizontal plane, which corresponded precisely to the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF).
Generation of vertical and torsional rapid eye movement in the rostral mesencephalon. Experimental data and clinical implications.
TLDR
Single neuron studies in monkeys and anatomy support the concept that the riMLF together with the PPRF are the critical areas in the brainstem to generate rapid eye movements in 3 dimensions.
Saccadic dysmetria and "intact" smooth pursuit eye movements after bilateral deep cerebellar nuclei lesions.
Two patients with well defined lesions of midline cerebellar structures including the fastigial nuclei on both sides presented with saccadic hypermetria but well preserved smooth pursuit eye…
Sparing of the vestibulo‐ocular reflex with lesions of the paramedian pontine reticular formation
TLDR
The horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) can be preserved after pathologically confirmed lesions of the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) and evidence indicates that the caudal PPRF does not contain fibers of passage that mediate the VOR.
Role of pontomedullary reticular formation neurons in horizontal head movements: an ibotenic acid lesion study in the cat
Selective saccadic palsy caused by pontine lesions: Clinical, physiological, and pathological correlations
TLDR
Data suggest that the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus is dependent on inputs from the paramedian pontine reticular formation for the programming of normal vertical saccades, and support the hypothesis that each functionally defined class of horizontal eye movements is controlled by a separate neural substrate that projects independently to the abducens nuclei.
Effects of reversible inactivation of the primate mesencephalic reticular formation. II. Hypometric vertical saccades.
TLDR
Results suggested that muscimol had targeted structures that provided both long-lead burst activity to the MLBNs in the riMLF and were critical for reactivation of the omnipause neurons.
Brainstem findings in Huntington's disease Possible mechanisms for slow vertical saccades
Impairment of smooth pursuit in pontine lesions: functional topography based on MRI and neuropathologic findings.
TLDR
Eye movements were studied in patients with pontine lesions identified by magnetic resonance imaging in one patient and computerized tomography, with neuropathological correlation in another patient, to confirm that pontine nuclei are an important relay for horizontal and vertical smooth pursuit movements.
...
1
2
3
4
5
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 63 REFERENCES
Lesions of the pontine tegmentum and conjugate gaze paralysis.
Lesions in medial portions of nucleus reticularis magnocellularis (NRM) between the trochlear and abducens nuclei produced paralysis of ipsilateral conjugate horizontal gaze in monkeys. This region…
Gaze Palsies after Selective Pontine Lesions in Monkeys
TLDR
Single neuron studies in alert monkeys support conclusions from lesions and stimulation experiments and find neurons in the PPRF and in the rostral iMLF were found whose activities changed in close temporal relation to rapid eye movements.
Electrooculographic syndrome in monkeys after pontine reticular formation lesions.
TLDR
Although the effects of PPRF lesions are generally known, there has been relatively little attempt to characterize aspects of gaze palsy produced by PPRf lesions.
The primate oculomotor system. II. Premotor system. A synthesis of anatomical, physiological, and clinical data.
TLDR
Anatomical and physiological investigations in monkey have demarcated the paramedian pontine reticular formation and the rostral mesencephalon as areas which generate horizontal and vertical rapid eye movements respectively.
Participation of medial pontine reticular formation in eye movement generation in monkey.
  • E. Keller
  • Biology
    Journal of neurophysiology
  • 1974
TLDR
In working out the details of the supranuclear organization of the oculomotor system the question that remains to be clarified is how and at what level signals from the various separate eye-movement-generating subsystems are brought together.
Abnormal vertical eye movements in the locked‐in syndrome
TLDR
The ocular motility examination of a patient with pontine hemorrhage and no lession of the mesencephalon showed bilateral palsy of horizontal gaze and a dissociated loss of vertical movements: saccades were slowed, while pursuit managements were unchanged.
Vertical glaze paralysis and the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus.
TLDR
Reconstructions of lesions in patients with different types of vertical gaze paralysis show that destruction of the rostral interstitial nucleus of the MLF bilaterally leads to an impairment of fast vertical eye movements and it is proposed that the nucleus participates in the production of vertical saccades and quick phases of nystagmus in man.
A clinicopathologic study of vertical eye movements.
TLDR
Upward gaze paralysis occurred mainly with bilateral lesions involving the pretectum, posterior commissure, or dorsal midbrain tegmentum, and resulted from bilateral involvement in the prerubral region of the diencephalon and midbrain.
Direct and indirect preoculomotor pathways of the brainstem: An autoradiographic study of the pontine reticular formation in the cat
  • A. Graybiel
  • Biology
    The Journal of comparative neurology
  • 1977
The efferent connections of the paramedian pontine reticular formation have been studied in the cat in autoradiographic experiments designed to analyze direct and indirect preoculomotor pathways.…
PALSIES OF THE CONJUGATE OCULAR MOVEMENTS
  • G. Holmes
  • Biology, Medicine
    The British journal of ophthalmology
  • 1921
IN attempting to determine the site and cause of a lesion which affects a conjugate movement of the eyeballs in any direction, we must keep before us the complex physiological apparatus which…
...
1
2
3
4
5
...