Expectations and associations that heal: Immunomodulatory placebo effects and its neurobiology
@article{PachecoLpez2006Expectations, title={ Expectations and associations that heal: Immunomodulatory placebo effects and its neurobiology}, author={Gustavo Pacheco-L{\'o}pez and Harald Engler and Maj-Britt Niemi and Manfred Schedlowski}, journal={Brain, Behavior, and Immunity}, year={2006}, volume={20}, pages={430-446} }
158 Citations
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Substantial evidence is suggesting that placebo effects are indicative of healthy functioning of intact brain structures and occur through actual functional changes, and are not simply subjective symptom reports, and can be utilized in treatment optimization while maintaining an ethical and respectful manner toward the patient and the standardized disclosure procedures.
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Findings are consistent with a modulating effect of placebo (under analgesic expectation in humans) on a potent nociceptive, pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-18) and underlying relationships with endogenous opioid activity, a neurotransmitter system critically involved in pain, stress, and mood regulation.
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The neuro-bio-behavioral mechanisms underlying placebo and nocebo responses that are currently known in terms of different diseases and physiologic systems are summarized and critically examined.
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Recent research has revealed that these psychosocial-induced biochemical changes in a patient's brain and body in turn may affect the course of a disease and the response to a therapy.
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Recent evidence confirms and extends previous findings on the key role of prefrontal regions in the placebo response, and represents an excellent tool for neuroscience in the experimental setting.
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