# Excited Q-balls

@article{Almumin2021ExcitedQ,
title={Excited Q-balls},
author={Yahya Almumin and Julian Heeck and Arvind Rajaraman and Christopher B. Verhaaren},
journal={The European Physical Journal C},
year={2021},
volume={82}
}
• Published 1 December 2021
• Physics
• The European Physical Journal C
Complex scalars in U(1)-symmetric potentials can form stable Q-balls, non-topological solitons that correspond to spherical bound-state solutions. If the U(1) charge of the Q-ball is large enough, it can support a tower of unstable radial excitations with increasing energy. Previous analyses of these radial excitations were confined to fixed parameters, leading to excited states with different charges Q. In this work, we provide the first characterization of the radial excitations of solitons…
5 Citations
• Physics
• 2022
Bosons carrying a conserved charge can form stable bound states if their Lagrangian contains attractive self-interactions. Bound-state conﬁgurations with a large charge Q can be described classically
• Physics
• 2022
P. Klimas,1, ∗ N. Sawado,2, † and S. Yanai2, ‡ Departamento de F́ısica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil Department of Physics, Tokyo
• Physics
• 2022
: Two types of excited oscillons are investigated. We ﬁrst focus on spherical symmetry and ﬁnd that there are a tower of spherical oscillons with higher energies. Despite having multiple approximate
• Physics
Journal of High Energy Physics
• 2022
This work demonstrates that nontopological solitons with large global charges and masses, even above the Planck scale, can form in the early universe and dominate the dark matter abundance. In

## References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 37 REFERENCES

• Physics
• 2012
We study the structure of the energy-momentum tensor of radial excitations of Q-balls in scalar field theories with U(1) symmetry. The obtained numerical results for the $1\le N \le 23$ excitations
• Physics
Journal of High Energy Physics
• 2021
Non-topological solitons such as Q-balls and Q-shells have been studied for scalar fields invariant under global and gauged U(1) symmetries. We generalize this frame-work to include a Proca mass for
• Physics
• 2021
Scalar field theories with particular Uð1Þ-symmetric potentials contain nontopological soliton solutions called Q-balls. Promoting the Uð1Þ to a gauge symmetry leads to the more complicated situation
• Physics
• 2021
Complex scalar fields charged under a global $U(1)$ symmetry can admit nontopological soliton configurations called $Q$-balls, which are stable against decay into individual particles or smaller
• Physics, Mathematics
• 2002
We present numerical evidence for the existence of spinning generalizations for nontopological Q-ball solitons in the theory of a complex scalar field with a nonrenormalizable self-interaction. To
• Physics
Journal of High Energy Physics
• 2021
For scalar theories accommodating spherically symmetric Q-balls, there are also towers of quasi-stable composite Q-balls, called charge swapping Q-balls (CSQs). We investigate the properties,
• Physics
Journal of High Energy Physics
• 2022
Magnetic monopoles and Q-balls are examples of topological and nontopological solitons, respectively. A new soliton state with both topological and nontopological charges is shown to also exist,
• Physics, Chemistry
• 2020
Radially excited $U(1)$ gauged $Q$-balls are studied using both analytical and numerical methods. Unlike the nongauged case, there exists only a finite number of radially excited gauged $Q$-balls at
• Physics
• 2014
In this paper, the main properties of (3+1)-dimensional $U(1)$ gauged Q-balls are examined. In particular, it is shown that the relation $\frac{dE}{dQ}=\omega$ holds for such gauged Q-balls in the