Evolutionary aspects of diet, the omega-6/omega-3 ratio and genetic variation: nutritional implications for chronic diseases.

@article{Simopoulos2006EvolutionaryAO,
  title={Evolutionary aspects of diet, the omega-6/omega-3 ratio and genetic variation: nutritional implications for chronic diseases.},
  author={Artemis P. Simopoulos},
  journal={Biomedicine \& pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine \& pharmacotherapie},
  year={2006},
  volume={60 9},
  pages={
          502-7
        }
}
  • A. Simopoulos
  • Published 1 November 2006
  • Medicine, Biology
  • Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
View on PubMed
direct-ms.org
987 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
42
Background Citations
387
Methods Citations
6
Results Citations
11

Tables from this paper

987 Citations

A Protective Lipidomic Biosignature Associated with a Balanced Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio in fat-1 Transgenic Mice
A balanced omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio has been linked to health benefits and the prevention of many chronic diseases. Current dietary intervention studies with different…
Omega-3, Omega-6 and Omega-9 Fatty Acids: Implications for Cardiovascular and Other Diseases
TLDR
This review focuses on the functional roles and potential mechanisms of omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids in regard to inflammation and disease pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease.
High Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio Diets and Risk of Noncommunicable Diseases
Intake and metabolism of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: nutritional implications for cardiometabolic diseases.
A Low Dietary Ratio of Omega-6 to Omega-3 Fatty Acids May Delay Progression of Prostate Cancer
TLDR
Establishing a low omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids ratio can enhance efficacy of hormone ablation therapy and delay the progression of cells toward castration-resistance.
Omega-3 Versus Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases
TLDR
Well-balanced nutrition and additional anti-inflammatory PUFA-based supplementation should be encouraged in a targeted manner for individuals in need to provide better management of skin diseases but, most importantly, to maintain and improve overall skin health.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Depression: Scientific Evidence and Biological Mechanisms
TLDR
Tertiary prevention with omega-3 PUFA supplement in depressed patients has reached greater effectiveness during the last recent years, although definitive statements on their use in depression therapy cannot be yet freely asserted.
Linoleic acid and the regulation of glucose homeostasis: A review of the evidence.
Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer
TLDR
A high Ω-6/Ω-3 ratio, as is found in current Western diets, promotes the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis, arthritis, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, whereas increased levels of Ω -3 PUFA, exert suppressive effects.
Dietary omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate hepatic pathology.
...
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 59 REFERENCES
Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and development.
  • A. Simopoulos
  • Medicine, Biology
    The American journal of clinical nutrition
  • 1991
TLDR
Omega 3 fatty acids decrease the number and size of tumors and increase the time elapsed before appearance of tumors, which is essential for the normal functional development of the retina and brain, particularly in premature infants.
Effect of dietary monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids on the susceptibility of plasma low density lipoproteins to oxidative modification.
TLDR
The thesis that diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids increase the resistance of plasma LDL to oxidative modification, independent of their content of antioxidants, could lower the atherogenicity of these lipoproteins.
Oxidation of low-density lipoproteins: intraindividual variability and the effect of dietary linoleate supplementation.
TLDR
Low-density lipoprotein oxidation was measured in vitro to determine intraindividual variability and to relate oxidation to linoleic acid enrichment and was not significantly altered by the linoleate-rich diet.
Mediterranean-inspired diet lowers the ratio of serum phospholipid n-6 to n-3 fatty acids, the number of leukocytes and platelets, and vascular endothelial growth factor in healthy subjects.
TLDR
A MID reduces the number of platelets and leukocytes and VEGF concentrations in healthy subjects and may be linked to higher serum concentrations of n-3 fatty acids, which promote a favorable composition of phospholipids.
Effects of diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipoproteins--the Jerusalem Nutrition Study: high MUFAs vs high PUFAs.
TLDR
There was a significantly higher tendency toward lipid peroxidation on the PUFA diet, as ascertained by more thiobarbituric acid-reactive-substances formation on that diet.
Comparison of the effects of two diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids differing in their linoleic/alpha-linolenic acid ratio on platelet aggregation.
TLDR
Results show that platelet aggregation in vitro decreases as the ratio of linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid decreases in diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids.
Transgenic mice: Fat-1 mice convert n-6 to n-3 fatty acids
TLDR
It is shown that mice engineered to carry a fat-1 gene from the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans can add a double bond into an unsaturated fatty-acid hydrocarbon chain and convert n-6 to n-3 fatty acids, indicating that this technology might be adapted to enrich n- 3 fatty acids in animal products such as meat, milk and eggs.
Relation between dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and clinically diagnosed dry eye syndrome in women.
TLDR
It is suggested that a higher dietary intake of n-3 FAs is associated with a decreased incidence of dry eye syndrome in women, consistent with anecdotal clinical observations and postulated biological mechanisms.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in Japan.
TLDR
Analyses of health indexes, including the increased average life span, support the superiority of the current Japanese eating pattern that harmonizes with the Western regimens, but at present it cannot be disregarded that food intake varies considerably in all age groups, and only a limited number of people are consuming the recommended allowance for dietary fats.
Ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids and bone mineral density in older adults: the Rancho Bernardo Study.
TLDR
The findings suggest that the relative amounts of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids may play a vital role in preserving skeletal integrity in older age.
...
...