Evolution of vertebrate viviparity and specializations for fetal nutrition: A quantitative and qualitative analysis

@article{Blackburn2015EvolutionOV,
  title={Evolution of vertebrate viviparity and specializations for fetal nutrition: A quantitative and qualitative analysis},
  author={Daniel G. Blackburn},
  journal={Journal of Morphology},
  year={2015},
  volume={276}
}
  • D. G. Blackburn
  • Published 1 August 2015
  • Biology, Medicine
  • Journal of Morphology
Phylogenetic analyses indicate that viviparity (live‐bearing reproduction) has originated independently in more than 150 vertebrate lineages, including a minimum of 115 clades of extant squamate reptiles. Other evolutionary origins of viviparity include 13 origins among bony fishes, nine among chondrichthyans, eight in amphibians, one in Paleozoic placoderms, six among extinct reptiles, and one in mammals. The origins of viviparity range geologically from the mid‐Paleozoic through the Mesozoic… 
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Evolution of viviparous reproduction in Paleozoic and Mesozoic reptiles.
TLDR
P paleontological evidence indicates that extinct viviparous reptiles had internal fertilization, amniotic fetal membranes, and placentas that sustained developing embryos via provision of respiratory gases, water, calcium, and possibly organic nutrients.
Placental specializations in lecithotrophic viviparous squamate reptiles.
  • J. R. Stewart
  • Biology, Medicine
    Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution
  • 2015
TLDR
Comparative studies of squamate reproductive biology reveal that both uterine and embryonic structural modifications are commonly associated with viviparity, suggesting relatively rapid evolution of placental specializations.
Evolution of placentotrophy: using viviparous sharks as a model to understand vertebrate placental evolution
TLDR
Sharks are recommended as an outstanding model system to investigate the evolution of placentas and mechanisms for fetal nutrition during pregnancy in vertebrates.
Genomic and transcriptomic investigations of the evolutionary transition from oviparity to viviparity
TLDR
The transition from oviparity to viviparity requires numerous physiological, morphological, and immunological changes to the female reproductive tract, including eggshell reduction, delayed oviposition, placental development for supply of water and nutrition to the embryo by the mother, enhanced gas exchange, and suppression of maternal immune rejection of the embryo.
Matrotrophy and placentation in invertebrates: a new paradigm
TLDR
It is reported that regardless of the degree of expression, matrotrophy is established or inferred in at least 21 of 34 animal phyla, significantly exceeding previous accounts and changing the old paradigm that these phenomena are infrequent among invertebrates.
Exceptional parallelisms characterize the evolutionary transition to live birth in phrynosomatid lizards
TLDR
This work capitalized on the repeated origin of viviparity in phrynosomatid lizards to tease apart the phenotypic patterns associated with evolutionary transitions to live birth, and detected tandem reductions in mass-specific metabolic rate and mass- specific production in v Viviparous lineages, in turn reflecting decreases in thermal physiology and fecundity.
Three in one: evolution of viviparity, coenocytic placenta and polyembryony in cyclostome bryozoans
TLDR
It is speculated that the acquisition of a highly advanced placenta providing massive nourishment might support the evolution of polyembryony in cyclostomes, the only known example of a coenocytic placental analogue of this type in animals.
Emergence of an evolutionary innovation: Gene expression differences associated with the transition between oviparity and viviparity
Our understanding of the evolution of complex biological traits is greatly advanced by examining taxa with intermediate phenotypes. The transition from oviparity (egg‐laying) to viviparity…
Change of lecithotrophic to matrotrophic nutrition during gestation in the viviparous teleost Xenotoca eiseni (Goodeidae)
TLDR
The morphology displayed in this study demonstrated the extended simultaneity of leCithotrophy and matrotrophy during gestation with the progressive reduction of lecithot rophy and increase of matrot rophy.
Unusual morphological adaptations and processes associated with viviparity in an epizoic dermapteran
TLDR
This study reveals a novel mechanism of maternal contribution to embryonic development which operates during oogenesis and involves characteristic modification of endoplasmic reticulum cisternae in Hemimerus talpoides.
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References

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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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