Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

@article{Lefaucheur2014EvidencebasedGO,
  title={Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)},
  author={J. P. Lefaucheur and N. Andre-obadia and Andrea Antal and Samar S Ayache and Chris Baeken and David Benninger and Roberto Cantello and Massimo Cincotta and Mamede de Carvalho and Dirk De Ridder and Herv{\'e} Devanne and V. Lazzaro and Sa{\vs}a R. Filipovi{\'c} and Friedhelm Christoph Hummel and Satu K. J{\"a}{\"a}skel{\"a}inen and Vasilios K. Kimiskidis and Giacomo Koch and Berthold Langguth and Thomas Nyffeler and Antonio Oliviero and Frank Padberg and Emmanuel Poulet and Simone Rossi and Paolo Maria Rossini and John C. Rothwell and Carlos Sch{\"o}nfeldt-Lecuona and Hartwig Roman Siebner and C W Slotema and Charlotte Jane Stagg and Josep Valls-Sol{\'e} and Ulf Ziemann and Walter Paulus and Luis Garcia-Larrea},
  journal={Clinical Neurophysiology},
  year={2014},
  volume={125},
  pages={2150-2206}
}
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References

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Meta-analysis of the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia
High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenic patients
TLDR
The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale decreased under active rTMS (p < 0.05), whereas depressive symptoms (BDI) and anxiety (STAI) did not change significantly, suggesting prefrontal rT MS might be effective in the non-pharmacological treatment of psychotic patients.
The value of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for the treatment of anxiety disorders: an integrative review.
TLDR
It is indicated that at present no conclusive evidence of the efficacy of rTMS for the treatment for anxiety disorders is provided, and recommends further studies to clearly determine the role of RTMS in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
Randomized, proof-of-principle clinical trial of active transcranial magnetic stimulation in chronic migraine
TLDR
Positive results of M1 stimulation in other studies, and the absence of significant benefits of active high-frequency rTMS of the DLPFC in the present study, point to M1 as a more promising target than the D LPFC, for larger trials of noninvasive brain stimulation in patients with chronic migraine.
Left versus right repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in treating major depression: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Anxiolytic effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation—an alternative treatment option in anxiety disorders?
TLDR
To further elucidate the putative anxiolytic action of rTMS in patients with anxiety disorders future studies have to be conducted addressing in particular the limitations of the studies mentioned above.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of depression: feasibility and results under naturalistic conditions: a retrospective analysis
TLDR
These results document that rTMS is feasible, safe and well tolerated under naturalistic conditions and should be added on to continued psychopharmacological treatment in a naturalistic clinical setting.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment of alcohol dependence
TLDR
Although there were no differences in clinical parameters such as craving or mood after real high frequency rTMS compared to sham stimulation, an interesting difference between the real and the sham stimulated group and controls in the AB paradigm indicating an increase of the AB effect to alcohol-related pictures after real stimulation.
Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Inferior to Electroconvulsive Therapy in Treating Depression
TLDR
The outcome does not point to right frontal low-frequency rTMS using the present stimulus design as a first-line substitute for ECT, but rather as a treatment option for patients with depression who are intolerant to other types of treatment or not accepting ECT.
High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in schizophrenia: a combined treatment and neuroimaging study
TLDR
Beneficial effects of high-frequency rTMS on negative and depressive symptoms were found, together with a trend for worsening positive symptoms in schizophrenic patients.
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