Evaluative Learning with “Subliminally” Presented Stimuli
@article{Houwer1997EvaluativeLW, title={Evaluative Learning with “Subliminally” Presented Stimuli}, author={Jan De Houwer and Hilde Hendrickx and Frank Baeyens}, journal={Consciousness and Cognition}, year={1997}, volume={6}, pages={87-107} }
Evaluative learning refers to the change in the affective evaluation of a previously neutral stimulus (NS) that occurs after the stimulus has been associated with a second, positive or negative, affective stimulus (AS). Four experiments are reported in which the AS was presented very briefly. Significant evaluative learning was observed in participants who did not notice the presentation of the affective stimuli (ASi) (Experiment 2) or could not discriminate between the briefly presented…
76 Citations
When All Is Revealed: A Dissociation between Evaluative Learning and Contingency Awareness
- PsychologyConsciousness and Cognition
- 2001
It is argued that an effect in the opposite direction to that normally observed in evaluative learning emerged in participants aware of the stimulus contingencies pose serious problems for the contention that awareness is necessary for evaluatives learning.
Evaluative conditioning in humans: a meta-analysis.
- PsychologyPsychological bulletin
- 2010
Among a range of other findings, EC effects were stronger for high than for low contingency awareness, for supraliminal than for subliminal US presentation, for postacquisition than for postextinction effects, and for self-report than for implicit measures.
Reactance in affective‐evaluative learning: Outside of conscious control?
- PsychologyCognition & emotion
- 2005
Recent studies have shown that the basic evaluative conditioning (EC) effect (originally neutral stimuli acquiring an affective value congruent with the valence of the affective stimulus they were…
Evaluative priming from subliminal emotional words: Insights from event-related potentials and individual differences related to anxiety
- PsychologyConsciousness and Cognition
- 2009
Latent inhibition in human affective learning.
- Psychology, BiologyEmotion
- 2002
It is revealed that it is possible to modify the affective value of a previously neutral non-sense shape by pairing it with a liked or disliked unconditioned stimulus, and that latent inhibition affects affective conditioning.
Subliminal influence on preferences? A test of evaluative conditioning for brief visual conditioned stimuli using auditory unconditioned stimuli
- Psychology, BiologyRoyal Society Open Science
- 2017
A set of three studies experimentally manipulate contingency awareness by presenting the CSs very briefly, thereby rendering it unlikely to be processed consciously, and consistently finds an EC effect for briefly presented CSs.
Aware and (dis)liking: item-based analyses reveal that valence acquisition via evaluative conditioning emerges only when there is contingency awareness.
- PsychologyJournal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
- 2007
It is found that EC emerged on contingency aware CSs only, and this pattern supports the idea that awareness of the CS-US associations may be required for valence acquisition via EC.
Implicit learning of evaluative vs. non-evaluative covariations: The role of dimension accessibility
- Psychology
- 2009
Does Evaluative Conditioning Depend on Awareness? Evidence From a Continuous Flash Suppression Paradigm
- Psychology, BiologyJournal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
- 2018
This work investigated evaluative conditioning (EC) without awareness with an approach that conceptually provides optimal conditions for unaware learning - the Continuous Flash Suppression paradigm (CFS).
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