Evaluation of caffeine and the development of necrotizing enterocolitis.

@article{Cox2015EvaluationOC,
  title={Evaluation of caffeine and the development of necrotizing enterocolitis.},
  author={C. R. Cox and Nehal Gamal Hashem and Joshua M. Tebbs and P. Brandon Bookstaver and Victor Iskersky},
  journal={Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine},
  year={2015},
  volume={8 4},
  pages={
          339-47
        }
}
OBJECTIVE To test the association between medical or surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and caffeine administration in premature infants. STUDY DESIGN This single-center, retrospective study evaluated patients admitted to a level 3 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) over an 18-month period. All patients were evaluated for factors associated with the development of NEC including exposure to caffeine (dosing and duration), gestational age, birth weight, vasoactive medications and… 
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Effects of Different Onset Times of Early Caffeine Treatment on Mesenteric Tissue Oxygenation and Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Prospective, Randomized Study.
TLDR
Mesenteric tissue oxygenation was lower, and NEC was higher in group 1, and Mesenteric rSO2 measurements may be useful in predicting the development of NEC in patients receiving early caffeine therapy.
Caffeine exposure and acute kidney injury in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis and spontaneous intestinal perforation
TLDR
Caffeine exposure in preterm infants with NEC/SIP is associated with decreased incidence and severity of AKI, and this association persisted in multivariable models after adjustment for potential confounders.
Therapy for Apnoea of Prematurity: A Retrospective Study on Effects of Standard Dose and Genetic Variability on Clinical Response to Caffeine Citrate in Chinese Preterm Infants
TLDR
Preterm infants in the apnoea-free group were associated with a reduction in the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and a reduced requirement for patent ductus arteriosus ligation, and genetic polymorphisms in caffeine’s target receptors wereassociated with variable responses to caffeine therapy in preterm neonates.
The Role of Caffeine and Doxapram for Respiratory Care in Preterm Infants: A Clinical Review
TLDR
Caffeine citrate is safe with currently recommended dosing, but further studies are warranted regarding the safety of caffeine when used immediately after birth and with high-dosing regimens.
Caffeine and Gastric Emptying Time in Very Preterm Neonates
TLDR
During caffeine treatment, a significantly delayed gastric emptying time was noted in all study neonates, especially in these with BW 1000–1500 g and those with GA ≥ 28 weeks, and further larger studies are necessary in order to confirm this interesting finding.
Effects of Caffeine on Splanchnic Oxygenation in Preterm Infants.
TLDR
Caffeine reduces splanchnic oxygenation and increases splan Schnic oxygen extraction for at least 2 hours with partial recovery to predose levels at 3-hour postdose.
Caffeine: an evidence-based success story in VLBW pharmacotherapy
TLDR
Caffeine has a very favorable benefit-to-risk ratio, and has become one of the most prescribed and cost-effective pharmacotherapies in the NICU, and in particular the most recent studies that have established the safety and efficacy.
Necrotizing enterocolitis and the gut-lung axis.
P2X3 receptor antagonism reduces the occurrence of apnoeas in newborn rats
Epidemiological trends among preterm infants with apnea. A twelve-year database review.
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References

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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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