Estradiol gel: review of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety in menopausal women

@article{Naunton2006EstradiolGR,
  title={Estradiol gel: review of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety in menopausal women},
  author={Mark Naunton and Asmar F. Y. Al Hadithy and Jacobus R B J Brouwers and David F Archer},
  journal={Menopause},
  year={2006},
  volume={13},
  pages={517-527}
}
Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of a gel containing estradiol that is applied to the skin. Design: MEDLINE and EMBASE searches were conducted from 1966 to March 2005. Additional references were identified from bibliographies from selected studies in addition to approved product information. Results: Estradiol gel is indicated for the relief of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women, and moderate to severe symptoms of vulvar and… 
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23 Citations
Background Citations
6
Methods Citations
1

23 Citations

Low-Dose Estradiol Spray: a Novel Treatment for Vasomotor Instability in Postmenopausal Women

The spray is a well-tolerated, cosmetically attractive and convenient method of delivering low-dose, transdermal estradiol, achieving the advantages of estradio patches, creams and gels but with minimal skin reaction, patient inconvenience or cosmetic shortcomings associated withtransdermal methods.

Transdermal estradiol gel for the treatment of symptomatic postmenopausal women

A transdermal gel with 0.75 mg estradiol was the lowest practical dose that effectively reduced the frequency and severity of moderate to severe hot flushes, improved VMI, and was well tolerated.

Transdermal delivery of bioidentical estrogen in menopausal hormone therapy: a clinical review

FDA approved transdermal estradiol products are the preferred formulation and route for HT, along with a progestogen for women with a uterus, given their efficacy and superior safety profile.

for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause

Estradiol gel 0.1% (Divigel ®) is a low-dose, ‘patchless’ transdermal formulation of a bioidentical estrogen that has been demonstrated to be effective and well tolerated in the treatment of moderateto-severe hot flushes.

Clinical efficacy of estradiol transdermal system in the treatment of hot flashes in postmenopausal women

Transdermal estrogens constitute an effective treatment for menopausal hot flashes and may have additional beneficial effects compared with oral treatment, given that first-pass hepatic metabolism is avoided using the transdermal route.

Assessment of estrogen exposure from transdermal estradiol gel therapy with a dried urine assay

Menopausal Hormone Therapy to Prevent Chronic Conditions

Findings from randomized clinical trials, as well as preclinical, clinical, and epidemiologic studies, clarify the favorable benefit-risk profile for MHT use by recently menopausal women with bothersome vasomotor and related menopausal symptoms.

Low-Dose Estradiol Spray to Treat Vasomotor Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The three dose levels of E2 spray achieved efficacy at 0.021–0.040 mg/d delivery rates, and was a well-tolerated, new, convenient method of delivering low-dose E2 transdermally.

Do different delivery systems of hormone therapy have different effects on psychological symptoms in surgically menopausal women? A randomized controlled trial.

Bioidentical Hormones for Menopausal Therapy

  • C. Sites
  • Biology, Medicine
    Women's health
  • 2008
In this review, the rationale behind the use of bioidentical hormones is discussed, along with the evidence supporting the using of compounded and FDA-approved bioidenticals products.

References

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Estradiol gel in the treatment of menopausal symptoms: a placebo-controlled double-blind case study of efficacy and safety.

Percutaneous estradiol delivered in an alcohol-water gel is effective in treating climacteric symptoms and is an attractive alternative to both oral and transdermal patch administration of estrogen.

Estradiol Gel in the Treatment of Menopausal Symptoms: A Placebo‐Controlled Double‐Blind Case Study of Efficacy and Safety

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Percutaneous estradiol delivered in an alcohol-water gel is effective in treating climacteric symptoms and is an attractive alternative to both oral and transdermal patch administration of estrogen.

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17&bgr;-estradiol gel was effective and well tolerated for alleviating moderate-to-severe hot flushes in postmenopausal women.

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Patch and gel formulations are equally as effective in treating climacteric symptoms and improving bone mineral density, and the effects are comparable to those achieved by oral HT.

Comparison of the transdermal delivery of estradiol from two gel formulations.

Effects of transdermal oestrogen therapy in postmenopausal women: a comparative study of an oestradiol gel and an oestradiol delivering patch

To compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of an oestradiol gel and patch in hormone replacement therapy of postmenopausal women, dydrogesterone tablets were used as the progestogen component of the therapy.

Comparison of gel and patch estradiol replacement in Brazil, a tropical country.

Uterine and Vaginal Effects of Unopposed Ultralow-Dose Transdermal Estradiol

During 2 years of treatment with ultralow-dose unopposed estradiol, treatment and placebo groups had similar rates of endometrial hyperplasia, endometrian proliferation, and vaginal bleeding.

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Effects of oral and transdermal estrogen/progesterone regimens on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women. A randomized controlled trial.

Oral estrogen/progesterone replacement therapy may result in coagulation activation and increased fibrinolytic potential, whereas opposed transdermal estrogen appears without any substantial effects on hemostasis.
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