Epigenetics: poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation of PARP‐1 regulates genomic methylation patterns

@article{Caiafa2009EpigeneticsPO,
  title={Epigenetics: poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation of PARP‐1 regulates genomic methylation patterns},
  author={Paola Caiafa and T. Guastafierro and Michele Zampieri},
  journal={The FASEB Journal},
  year={2009},
  volume={23},
  pages={672 - 678}
}
In the postgenome era, attention is being focused on those epigenetic modifications that modulate chromatin structure to guarantee that information present on DNA is read correctly and at the most appropriate time to meet cellular requirements. Data reviewed show that along the chain of events that induce DNA methylation‐dependent chromatin condensation/decondensation, a postsynthetic modification other than histone acetylation, phosphorylation, and methylation—namely poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation… 
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It is shown that Ctcf forms a complex with Dnmt1 and PARylated Parp1 at specific Ctcf target sequences and that PARylation is responsible for the maintenance of the unmethylated status of some Ctcf-bound CpGs.

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In the last decade, many studies have strongly indicated that alterations in epigenetic modifications may contribute to the onset and progression of a variety of human diseases such as cancer, and the enzymes responsible for these chromatin changes are becoming attractive therapeutic targets.

Poly ( ADP-ribosyl ) ation is involved in the epigenetic control of TET 1 gene transcription

ParP activity is shown to be a transcriptional regulator of TET1 gene through the control of epigenetic events and it is suggested that deregulation of these mechanisms could account for Tet1 repression in cancer.

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is involved in the epigenetic control of TET1 gene transcription

ParP activity is shown to be a transcriptional regulator of TET1 gene through the control of epigenetic events and it is suggested that deregulation of these mechanisms could account for Tet1 repression in cancer.

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The biological significance of Parp1 in transcription and the epigenetic modulation of Par p1 in pluripotent status, reprogramming process and cancer will be summarized.

Poly(ADP-ribosylation) regulates chromatin organization through histone H3 modification and DNA methylation of the first cell cycle of mouse embryos.

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This review assesses current developments in PARP‐1 biology and activation signals for PARp‐1, other than conventional DNA damage activation, and focuses on its other equally important overlooked functions during growth, metabolic regulation, spermatogenesis, embryogenesis, epigenetics and differentiation.

Poly ADP-ribosylation of SET8 leads to aberrant H4K20 methylation in mammalian nuclear genome

It is shown SET8, the only known enzyme for H4K20me1 is post-translationally poly ADP-ribosylated by PARP1 on lysine residues, which renders it catalytically compromised, and degradation via ubiquitylation pathway.
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References

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