Epigenetic changes and nontargeted radiation effects—Is there a link?

@article{Kovalchuk2008EpigeneticCA,
  title={Epigenetic changes and nontargeted radiation effects—Is there a link?},
  author={O. V. Kovalchuk and Janet E. Baulch},
  journal={Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis},
  year={2008},
  volume={49}
}
It is now well accepted that the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) exposure can be noticed far beyond the borders of the directly irradiated tissue. IR can affect neighboring cells in the proximity, giving rise to a bystander effect. IR effects can also span several generations and influence the progeny of exposed parents, leading to transgeneration effects. Bystander and transgeneration IR effects are linked to the phenomenon of the IR‐induced genome instability that manifests itself as… 
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134 Citations
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134 Citations

Epigenetic Effects of Ionizing Radiation
TLDR
The role of the epigenetics is discussed in IR-induced direct responses, as well as in bystander and transgenerational effects.
Epigenetics in radiation biology: a new research frontier
TLDR
Evidence that IR-mediated effects are maintained by epigenetic mechanisms is presented, and it is demonstrated how a novel, male germline-specific, small RNA pathway is posited to play a major role in the epigenetic inheritance of genome instability.
Radiation-induced genomic instability: Are epigenetic mechanisms the missing link?
TLDR
It is now apparent that non-targeted delayed effects such as RIGI are also important post-irradiation outcomes, and epigenetics may be the missing link in understanding the mechanism behind RIGi.
Ionizing Radiation-Induced Epigenetic Modifications and Their Relevance to Radiation Protection
TLDR
It is concluded that more realistic models of radiation-induced cancer should include epigenetic contribution, particularly in the initiation and progression phases, while the impact on hereditary risk evaluation is expected to be low.
Manifestations and mechanisms of non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation.
Role of microRNAs and DNA Methyltransferases in Transmitting Induced Genomic Instability between Cell Generations
TLDR
Estimation of expression of microRNAs and DNA methyltransferases in murine embryonal fibroblasts exposed to ionizing radiation or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin revealed findings that may reflect initial stages of genomic instability.
Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation Exposure, Oxidative Stress and Epigenetic Programing of Health and Disease
TLDR
Evidence is shown that suggests that LDIR-induced oxidative stress provides a mechanistic link between LDIR and epigenetic gene regulation and the potential implication of LDIR exposure during pregnancy where intrauterine fetal development is highly susceptible to oxidative stress-induced epigenetic programing.
Genetic and Epigenetic Changes in Chromosomally Stable and Unstable Progeny of Irradiated Cells
TLDR
Significant genetic and epigenetic changes in unstable cells are demonstrated, but similar changes are almost as equally common in chromosomally stable cells.
Methyltransferases mediate cell memory of a genotoxic insult
TLDR
It is demonstrated that a single exposure can lead to long-term, genome-destabilizing effects that spread from cell to cell, and a specific molecular mechanism for these persistent bystander effects is provided.
What mechanisms/processes underlie radiation-induced genomic instability?
TLDR
It is concluded that in order to evaluate the likely morbidity/mortality associated with radiation-induced genomic instability, it will be necessary to study the damage to processes by radiation rather than damage to molecules.
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