Epidemic profile of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak in Germany.
@article{Frank2011EpidemicPO, title={Epidemic profile of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak in Germany.}, author={Christina Frank and Dirk Werber and Jakob P Cramer and Mona Askar and Mirko Faber and Matthias an der Heiden and Helen Bernard and Angelika Fruth and Rita Prager and Anke Spode and Maria Wadl and Alexander Zoufaly and Sabine Jordan and Markus J. Kemper and Per Follin and Luise M{\"u}ller and Lisa A. King and Bettina M Rosner and Udo Buchholz and Klaus Stark and G{\'e}rard Krause}, journal={The New England journal of medicine}, year={2011}, volume={365 19}, pages={ 1771-80 } }
BACKGROUND
We describe an outbreak of gastroenteritis and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome caused by Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Germany in May, June, and July, 2011. The consumption of sprouts was identified as the most likely vehicle of infection.
METHODS
We analyzed data from reports in Germany of Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli gastroenteritis and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome and clinical information on patients presenting to Hamburg University Medical Center (HUMC). An outbreak…
1,054 Citations
Origins of the E. coli strain causing an outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Germany.
- Medicine, BiologyThe New England journal of medicine
- 2011
The findings suggest that horizontal genetic exchange allowed for the emergence of the highly virulent Shiga-toxin-producing enteroaggregative E. coli O104:H4 strain that caused the German outbreak, and highlight the way in which the plasticity of bacterial genomes facilitates the emerged of new pathogens.
Similarity of Shiga Toxin–producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 Strains from Italy and Germany
- MedicineEmerging infectious diseases
- 2011
It is found that an STEC strain (ED-703) from a case-patient with HUS in 2009 in Italy had the same combination of virulence factors as the strain from Germany: Stx2 production and enteroaggregative adhesion genetic markers.
E. coli O104:H4 outbreak and haemolytic-uraemic syndrome.
- Medicine, BiologyMedicina intensiva
- 2012
Lessons Learned From Outbreaks of Shiga Toxin Producing Escherichia coli
- Biology, MedicineCurrent Infectious Disease Reports
- 2012
Novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of HUS in adults and for decolonization of long-term STEC carriers were evaluated, highlighting the unusual features of the recent O104:H4 outbreak and focusing on emerging new strategies in diagnostics and treatment of acute STEC-related disease, as well as STEC long- term carriage.
Enteroaggregative Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli of serotype O104:H4 in Belgium and Luxembourg
- Biology, MedicineNew microbes and new infections
- 2014
The hypothesis that Agg-STEC has a human reservoir and might be imported by travellers coming from an area where the pathogen is endemic is supported and the concern that these bacteria may cause future outbreaks as evenly virulent O104:H4 isolates seem to be widespread is emphasized.
Outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 associated with organic fenugreek sprouts, France, June 2011.
- MedicineClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
- 2012
Comparison of results from French and German STEC O104:H4 outbreak investigations enabled identification of a common food vehicle, fenugreek sprouts, and resulted in implementation of Europe-wide control measures in July 2011.
Outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O104:H4 infection in Germany causes a paradigm shift with regard to human pathogenicity of STEC strains.
- Biology, MedicineJournal of food protection
- 2012
An outbreak that comprised 3,842 cases of human infections with enteroaggregative hemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EAHEC) O104:H4 occurred in Germany in May 2011, making this outbreak the most dramatic since enterohemorrhagic E. coli strains were first identified as agents of human disease.
Comparative Genomics of Recent Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O104:H4: Short-Term Evolution of an Emerging Pathogen
- Biology, MedicinemBio
- 2013
G sequenced the genomes of isolates from five recent cases and compared them with historical isolates show that these recent isolates are not derived from the outbreak strain but are very closely related and share many of the same disease-causing genes, emphasizing the concern that these bacteria may cause future severe outbreaks.
Duration of fecal shedding of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 in patients infected during the 2011 outbreak in Germany: a multicenter study.
- Medicine, BiologyClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
- 2013
STEC O104:H4 is usually eliminated from the human gut after 1 month, but may sometimes be excreted for several months, and proper follow-up of infected patients is important to avoid further pathogen spread.
Serological Evidence of Asymptomatic Infections during Escherichia coli O104:H4 Outbreak in Germany in 2011
- Medicine, BiologyPloS one
- 2013
A serological assay for detection of E.coli O104 LPS specific antibodies was developed and an association was found between clinical or demographic characteristics and assay positivity, but larger studies are needed to understand the complexity of human immune response and factors influencing development of clinical symptoms.
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The findings suggest that horizontal genetic exchange allowed for the emergence of the highly virulent Shiga-toxin-producing enteroaggregative E. coli O104:H4 strain that caused the German outbreak, and highlight the way in which the plasticity of bacterial genomes facilitates the emerged of new pathogens.
Similarity of Shiga Toxin–producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 Strains from Italy and Germany
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It is found that an STEC strain (ED-703) from a case-patient with HUS in 2009 in Italy had the same combination of virulence factors as the strain from Germany: Stx2 production and enteroaggregative adhesion genetic markers.
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