Enzymes of UDP‐GlcNAc biosynthesis in yeast

@article{Milewski2006EnzymesOU,
  title={Enzymes of UDP‐GlcNAc biosynthesis in yeast},
  author={Sławomir Milewski and Iwona Gabriel and Jarosław Olchowy},
  journal={Yeast},
  year={2006},
  volume={23}
}
D‐Glucosamine is an important building block of major structural components of the fungal cell wall, namely chitin, chitosan and mannoproteins. Other amino sugars, such as D‐mannosamine and D‐galactosamine, relatively abundant in higher eukaryotes, rarely occur in fungal cells and are actually absent from yeast and yeast‐like fungi. The glucosamine‐containing sugar nucleotide UDP‐GlcNAc is synthesized in yeast cells in a four‐step cytoplasmic pathway. This article provides a comprehensive… 
View on Wiley
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
138 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
5
Background Citations
40
Methods Citations
1

138 Citations

Citation Type

Citation Type

Identification of anN‐acetylglucosamine kinase essential for UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine salvage synthesis inArabidopsis
N-Acetylglucosamine Regulates Morphogenesis and Virulence Pathways in Fungi
TLDR
The recent advances in understanding the role of GlcNAc signaling pathways in regulating C. albicans morphogenesis and virulence are described.
Acetamido Sugar Biosynthesis in the Euryarchaea
TLDR
UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-ManNAcA biosynthesis evolved early in the euryarchaeal lineage, because most of their genomes contain orthologs of the five genes characterized here.
N-acetylglucosamine, the building block of chitin, inhibits growth of Neurospora crassa.
Targeting a critical step in fungal hexosamine biosynthesis
TLDR
Genetic, structural, and chemical evidence that Gna1 is an antifungal target in A. fumigatus is provided and a small heterocyclic scaffold is discovered that binds proximal to the GNA1 active site and can be optimized to a selective submicromolar binder.
Genetic and structural validation of Aspergillus fumigatus UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase as an antifungal target
TLDR
It is demonstrated that the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus possesses an active UAP (AfUAP1) that shows selectivity for GlcNAc‐1P as the phosphosugar substrate, which could represent a novel antifungal target and will assist the future discovery of small molecule inhibitors against this enzyme.
Characterization of N‐Acetylglucosamine Biosynthesis in Pneumocystis species. A New Potential Target for Therapy
TLDR
Evidence for a uridine diphospho (UDP)‐GlcNAc pathway in Pneumocystis species and the presence of at least four proteins implicated in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae UDP‐GlCNAc biosynthetic pathway are provided.
N-acetylglucosamine Regulates Virulence Properties in Microbial Pathogens
TLDR
The role of these new GlcNAc signaling pathways in the regulation of virulence factors will be the focus of this review.
The N‐acetylglucosamine catabolic gene cluster in Trichoderma reesei is controlled by the Ndt80‐like transcription factor RON1
TLDR
Functional analysis in Trichoderma reesei showed that the transcription factor RON1 is a key activator of the GlcNAc gene cluster and essential for Glc NAc catabolism, and an evolutionary analysis of Ndt80‐like proteins in Ascomycota is presented.
N-Acetylglucosamine Functions in Cell Signaling
TLDR
The emerging roles of GlcNAc as an activator and mediator of cellular signaling in fungi, animals, and bacteria will be the focus of this paper.
...
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 119 REFERENCES
Glycoprotein biosynthesis in yeast
  • A. Herscovics, P. Orlean
  • Biology, Chemistry
    FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
  • 1993
TLDR
Yeast mutants are useful to identify biosynthetic intermediates, to establish whether a given enzyme is essential for viability, and to determine how cellular functions are affected when glycosylation is perturbed.
Enzymes of N-acetylglucosamine metabolism during germ-tube formation in Candida albicans.
TLDR
The pattern of induction for these enzymes was the same under conditions of germ-tube formation and where yeast cells metabolized GlcNAc with no change in morphology, indicating that these enzymes are not control points in the dimorphic development of C. albicans.
Antibiotic tetaine — a selective inhibitor of chitin and mannoprotein biosynthesis in Candida albicans
TLDR
The antibiotic tetaine inhibits in Candida albicans the biosynthesis of two important cell wall constituents, chitin and mannoprotein, and in the presence of tetaine, probably a modified mannobrotein, lacking a branched polymannan, is synthesized.
Glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase--the multi-facets enzyme.
  • S. Milewski
  • Biology, Chemistry
    Biochimica et biophysica acta
  • 2002
The reaction mechanism of phosphomannomutase in plants
Purification to homogeneity of Candida albicans glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase overexpressed in Escherichia coli.
The Candida albicans GFA1 gene encoding glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase, an enzyme of cell wall biosynthesis pathway in fungi and bacteria, recently an object of interest as a target for the…
Yeast-mycelial conversion induced by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in Candida albicans
TLDR
There is chemical, cytochemical and ultrastructural evidence that the differences between Y and M walls of C. albicans are essentially quantitative, strongly suggesting that hyphal conversion in this yeast is controlled by the modulation of pre-existing enzymatic activities rather than by any new factors.
Mechanism of antifungal action of kanosamine.
TLDR
The antibiotic kanosamine inhibited growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a range of human pathogenic fungi, including Candida albicans, and showed that the presence of the Cdr1p drug efflux pump did not affect the antifungal activity of kanosamines.
Phosphorylation of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase is important but not essential for germination and mycelial growth of Candida albicans.
TLDR
It is suggested that a loss of the possibility of GlcN-6-P synthase phosphorylation by PKA strongly reduces but not completely eliminates the germinative response of C. albicans cells.
Oligomeric Structure and Regulation of Candida albicans Glucosamine-6-phosphate Synthase*
TLDR
Results of chemical modification of the enzyme by group-specific reagents established an essential role of a cysteinyl residue at the glutamine-binding site and histidyl, lysyl, arginyl, and tyrosyl moieties at the Fru-6-P-binding Site.
...
...