Environmental risk factors in multiple sclerosis aetiology

@article{Marrie2004EnvironmentalRF,
  title={Environmental risk factors in multiple sclerosis aetiology},
  author={Ruth Ann Marrie},
  journal={The Lancet Neurology},
  year={2004},
  volume={3},
  pages={709-718}
}
  • R. Marrie
  • Published 1 December 2004
  • Medicine
  • The Lancet Neurology
The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been intensively studied. It is conceptualised as a complex disease in which genetic and environmental factors act together to cause disease. There are temporal and geographic variations in disease risk, and risk of disease may be affected by migration between regions of differing risk. Numerous potential causal factors including infection, immunisations, physical and emotional stressors, climate, diet, and occupational exposures have been studied… 
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Highly Influential Citations
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Methods Citations
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The epidemiological data, combined with pathological and immunological data, may contribute to the debate whether MS is an autoimmune disease, a latent or persistent viral disease, or a neurodegenerative disease.
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Recent findings on environmental factors influencing autoimmunity with an emphasis on the impact of ‘Western diet’ on immune homeostasis and gut microbiota in MS are discussed.
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Understanding of the contributions of specific genetic and environmental factors that contribute to multiple sclerosis has improved and further refinements will eventually allow powerful longitudinal studies to assess genetic andEnvironmental interactions with implications for prediction of individual disease susceptibility, clinical course, and response to therapy.
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TLDR
Bradford Hill's criteria for causation have been modified and should be adopted as a framework for demonstrating causation in relationship to multiple sclerosis.
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TLDR
A significant relation between stress, history of infection and milk consumption was reached that highlights the importance of environmental risk factors in MS pathogenesis.
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TLDR
The risk of MS is examined in relation to genetic variations in selected candidate genes and gene expression induced by neurodegeneration in an experimental animal model.
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References

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