Enhanced spin Hall effect by electron correlations in CuBi alloys

@article{Gu2014EnhancedSH,
  title={Enhanced spin Hall effect by electron correlations in CuBi alloys},
  author={Bo Gu and Zhuo Xu and Michiyasu Mori and Timothy Ziman and Sadamichi Maekawa},
  journal={Journal of Applied Physics},
  year={2014},
  volume={117}
}
A recent experiment in CuBi alloys obtained a large spin Hall angle (SHA) of −0.24 (Niimi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 156602 (2012)). We find that the SHA can be dramatically enhanced by Bi impurities close to the Cu surface. The mechanisms of this enhancement are two-fold. One is that the localized impurity state on surface has a decreased hybridization and combined with Coulomb correlation effect. The other comes from the low-dimensional state of conduction electrons on surface, which… 
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