Energy relations of winter roost-site utilization by American goldfinches (Carduelis tristis)

@article{Buttemer2004EnergyRO,
  title={Energy relations of winter roost-site utilization by American goldfinches (Carduelis tristis)},
  author={William A. Buttemer},
  journal={Oecologia},
  year={2004},
  volume={68},
  pages={126-132}
}
  • W. Buttemer
  • Published 1 December 1985
  • Environmental Science
  • Oecologia
SummaryAmerican goldfinches (Carduelis tristis) were observed roosting in Colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens), which comprised part of a mixed stand of conifers. Their winter roost-sites were distally situated among the most densely-needled branches on the leeward sides of these trees. Heated and unheated taxidermic goldfinch mounts were placed within these sites and at the same height in an adjacent clearing. The radiative and convective characteristics of these locations were monitored… 
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