Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Links Obesity, Insulin Action, and Type 2 Diabetes

@article{Ozcan2004EndoplasmicRS,
  title={Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Links Obesity, Insulin Action, and Type 2 Diabetes},
  author={Umut Özcan and Qiong Cao and Erkan Yilmaz and Ann-Hwee Lee and Neal N. Iwakoshi and Esra Özdelen and Gurol Tuncman and Cem Z. G{\"o}rg{\"u}n and Laurie H. Glimcher and G{\"o}khan S. Hotamışlıgil},
  journal={Science},
  year={2004},
  volume={306},
  pages={457 - 461}
}
Obesity contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Using cell culture and mouse models, we show that obesity causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This stress in turn leads to suppression of insulin receptor signaling through hyperactivation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and subsequent serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate–1 (IRS-1). Mice deficient in X-box–binding protein–1 (XBP-1), a transcription factor that… 
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3,550 Citations

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    Advances in experimental medicine and biology
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