Embryonic stem cells: prospects for developmental biology and cell therapy.

@article{Wobus2005EmbryonicSC,
  title={Embryonic stem cells: prospects for developmental biology and cell therapy.},
  author={Anna M. Wobus and Kenneth R. Boheler},
  journal={Physiological reviews},
  year={2005},
  volume={85 2},
  pages={
          635-78
        }
}
Stem cells represent natural units of embryonic development and tissue regeneration. Embryonic stem (ES) cells, in particular, possess a nearly unlimited self-renewal capacity and developmental potential to differentiate into virtually any cell type of an organism. Mouse ES cells, which are established as permanent cell lines from early embryos, can be regarded as a versatile biological system that has led to major advances in cell and developmental biology. Human ES cell lines, which have… 
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Molecular, cellular and physiologic analyses demonstrate that ES cell‐derived cardiomyocytes are functionally viable and that these cell derivatives exhibit characteristics typical of heart cells in early stages of cardiac development, and the possible use of ES cell-derived CARDIomyocytes as source of donor cells is proposed.
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This review will concentrate particularly on hESCs and their derivation, characterization and capacity to differentiate into clinically useful tissue including haemopoietic lineages.
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Hepatoblasts are efficiently generated from human embryonic stem cell‐derived hepatoblasts by a stepwise induction strategy and can be captured and stably maintained using conditions previously established for mouse hepatoblast self‐renewal.
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Derivation of embryonic stem cells for cellular therapy: challenges and new strategies.
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TLDR
Developments that may unlock ES cell research and therapy are reviewed that report that some established cell lines remain stable overtime, pre-differentiated ES cells in vitro to circumvent the risk of tumor formation, and derived ES cell lines without destroying embryos.
Pluripotency of embryonic stem cells
TLDR
ES cells have clearly been shown to possess the potential to generate multipotent stem and progenitor cells capable of differentiating into a limited number of cell fates, and the studies of these cells have led to a greater understanding of mammalian development.
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