Ellobius lutescens: Sex Determination and Sex Chromosome

@article{Just2007EllobiusLS,
  title={Ellobius lutescens: Sex Determination and Sex Chromosome},
  author={Walter Just and Annette Baumstark and A. S{\"u}ss and Alexander S. Graphodatsky and Willem Rens and N. Sch{\"a}fer and Irina Bakloushinskaya and H. Hameister and Walther Vogel},
  journal={Sexual Development},
  year={2007},
  volume={1},
  pages={211 - 221}
}
The mole vole Ellobius lutescens is an interesting animal, not only concerning its sex determination mechanism without the Y-chromosomal Sry gene, that triggers sex determination in nearly all other mammalian species, but also regarding the karyotype with an odd number of chromosomes, being identical in male and female animals. The odd chromosome represents the X chromosome, and therefore, even males do not have a Y chromosome. We present an overview of a search for candidate genes of male sex… 
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Current knowledge ofTherian mammals is reviewed, their similarities and differences are discussed, and how the study of their exceptional sex-determining systems can further the understanding of general processes involved in sex chromosome and sex determination evolution is exposed.
Unique sex chromosome systems in Ellobius: How do male XX chromosomes recombine and undergo pachytene chromatin inactivation?
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The distribution of some markers of chromatin inactivation differentiates sex chromosomes of mole voles from those of other mammals, and similar chromosome morphology masks the functional heteromorphism of the male sex chromosomes, which can be seen at meiosis.
Genomes of Ellobius species provide insight into the evolutionary dynamics of mammalian sex chromosomes.
TLDR
The results indicate that the loss of the Y Chromosome in E. lutescens and E. talpinus occurred in two independent events, and one of these is Eif2s3y, known as the only Y-derived gene that is crucial for successful male meiosis.
A novel sex determination system in a close relative of the house mouse
TLDR
This study identified a new case of atypical sex determination in the African pygmy mouse Mus minutoides, a close evolutionary relative of the house mouse, and sequencing of the high mobility group domain of the mammalian sex determining gene Sry and karyological analyses suggest that the sex reversal is most probably not owing to a mutation of Sry, but rather to a chromosomal rearrangement on the X chromosome.
XY FEMALES DO BETTER THAN THE XX IN THE AFRICAN PYGMY MOUSE, MUS MINUTOIDES
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The African pygmy mouse, Mus minutoides, harbors an unconventional system in which all males are XY, and there are three types of females: the usual XX but also XX* and X*Y ones (the asterisk designates a sex‐reversal mutation on the X chromosome).
The Investigation of Sex Specific DNA Regions in Morelia spilota imbricata
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Thesis Hypothesis Aims and Objectives are outlined, followed by a discussion of the aims and objectives of the thesis.
Sex Reversal in Non-Human Placental Mammals
TLDR
Known cases of XY and XX sex reversals described in mammals are reviewed, focusing mostly on domestic animals where sex reversal pathologies occur and on wild species in which deviations from the usual XX/XY system have been documented.
Rapid chromosomal evolution in enigmatic mammal with XX in both sexes, the Alay mole vole Ellobiusalaicus Vorontsov et al., 1969 (Mammalia, Rodentia)
TLDR
Specific chromosome and molecular changes, as well as geographic distribution, verified the species status for E.alaicus, which is evaluated by IUCN as a data deficient species because their distribution, biology, and genetics are almost unknown.
Did sex chromosome turnover promote divergence of the major mammal groups?
  • J. Graves
  • Medicine, Biology
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  • 2016
TLDR
It is proposed that the evolution of therian mammals was precipitated by evolution of a male‐determining SRY gene, defining a novel XY sex chromosome pair, and interposing a reproductive barrier with the ancestral population of synapsid reptiles 190 million years ago (MYA).
Mammalian Sex Determination
TLDR
Study of humans and mice with disruptions in key gonadal genes leading to atypical sex development have provided the majority of insights into the process of sex development, but much remains to be learned.
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References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 93 REFERENCES
Another way of looking at the enigma of sex determination in Ellobius lutescens
morphology, with the same odd number (2n = 17) being present in both sexes3. The odd chromosome is the X chromosome, and it constitutes approximately 5% of the haploid genome. It therefore appears…
The sex determination in Ellobius lutescens remains bizarre
TLDR
This report provides key data on the genomic level that there are no coarse differences in the genomes of male and female animals by comparative genomic hybridization and provides evidence by linkage analysis in two E. lutescens pedigrees that Nr5a1 is not the key male sex-determining gene in Ellobius lutecens.
Ellobius lutescens, Th. (Rodentia, Microtinae): Q-, R-, and replication banding, patterns
TLDR
In the female studied, one chromosome 1 differs from those of the males by a marked elongation of a proximal euchromatic band in the long arm, and the female seems to represent the heterogametic sex.
Characterization of Pisrt1/Foxl2 in Ellobius lutescens and exclusion as sex-determining genes
TLDR
This work cloned and characterized two genes of the PIS (polled intersex syndrome) gene interval, which were reported as candidates in female-to-male sex reversal in hornless goats recently, and excluded linkage of Foxl2 and Pisrt1 loci with the sex of the animals.
Chromosome 9 of Ellobius lutescens is the X chromosome
TLDR
It is concluded that E. lutescens should be an ideal tool for testing candidate genes assumed to be involved in primary sex determination, as it exhibits the typical features of an X chromosome in male meiosis.
Ellobius lutescens Th. (Rhodentia, Microtinae): Q-, R-, and replication banding patterns. Chromosome 1 polymorphism in the male and presumptive heterogamety in the female.
TLDR
In the female studied, one chromosome 1 differs from those of the males by a marked elongation of a proximal euchromatic band in the long arm, and the female seems to represent the heterogametic sex.
The G and Q banding pattern of Ellobius lutescens. A unique case of sex determination in mammals.
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  • Biology, Medicine
    Canadian journal of genetics and cytology. Journal canadien de genetique et de cytologie
  • 1976
The karyotype of the microtine Ellobius lutescens Th., was analysed using the G and Q banding techniques. One of the chromsomes of the first pair has the same bands in both sexes while the other…
Further chromosomal studies onEllobius lutescens: Heteromorphism of chromosome No. 1 is not associated with sex determination
TLDR
No definite chromosomal basis for sex determination was found in Ellobius lutescens, which carries 17 chromosomes in both sexes.
Ultrastructure, meiotic behavior, and evolution of sex chromosomes of the genus Ellobius
TLDR
Analysis of whole-mount SC preparations from males of three species of the genus Ellobius revealed the formation of a closed sex SC bivalent and showed some morphological differences in the axes of sex chromosomes at meiotic prophase I.
Male sex determination in the spiny rat Tokudaia osimensis (Rodentia: Muridae) is not Sry dependent
TLDR
This species is thus the second rodent genus described so far as lacking the mammalian sex-determining factor Sry, since two species of voles in the genus Ellobius display the same unusual feature.
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