Electronic cigarettes and mental illness: Reviewing the evidence for help and harm among those with psychiatric and substance use disorders

@article{Hefner2017ElectronicCA,
  title={Electronic cigarettes and mental illness: Reviewing the evidence for help and harm among those with psychiatric and substance use disorders},
  author={Kathryn R. Hefner and Gerald W Valentine and Mehmet Sofuoglu},
  journal={The American Journal on Addictions},
  year={2017},
  volume={26},
  pages={306–315}
}
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Adults with mental illness (MI) use combustible tobacco at increased rates and have greater difficulty quitting smoking. Given the increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), their use by those with MI has important health implications. While preliminary evidence suggests potential benefits of e-cigarette use for those with MI, well-controlled, systematic research examining appeal, correlates, and consequences of e-cigarette use in this vulnerable… 
View on Wolters Kluwer
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
28 Citations
Highly Influential Citations
1
Background Citations
5

28 Citations

Impact of E-cigarettes on Smoking and Related Outcomes in Veteran Smokers With Psychiatric Comorbidity
TLDR
E-cigarettes appear to be a viable harm reduction modality in smokers with psychiatric comorbidities, as indicated by sustained and frequent e-cigarette use by 90% of participants and may promote reduction and/or cessation of combustible cigarette use.
E-cigarettes, alcohol use, and mental health: Use and perceptions of e-cigarettes among college students, by alcohol use and mental health status.
Differential Effects of Anxiety Sensitivity on E-Cigarettes Processes: The Importance of E-Cigarette Quit Attempt History.
TLDR
E-cigarette users who fail to quit are identified as a potential vulnerable subgroup of users who experience more strongly held perceptions about e-cigarette use because of increased anxiety sensitivity, a core affective vulnerability factor.
Electronic Cigarette Use During a Randomized Trial of Interventions for Smoking Cessation Among Medicaid Beneficiaries with Mental Illness
TLDR
The high rate of naturalistic e-cigarette use in this group suggests that e-cigarettes are an appealing strategy to obtain nicotine during cessation treatment that could be harnessed as a smoking cessation tool or for harm reduction.
Psychological distress and responses to comparative risk messages about electronic and combusted cigarettes.
Depression and Nicotine Withdrawal Associations with Combustible and Electronic Cigarette Use
TLDR
Results highlight the consistent comorbidity between depression, nicotine use, and symptomatic nicotine withdrawal in a population-based sample of combustible and electronic cigarette users.
E-cigarette nicotine dose and flavor: Relationship with appeal, choice, and tobacco use amongst veterans with comorbid psychiatric disorders.
Correlates of e-cigarette use for smoking cessation among clients in residential substance use disorder treatment.
E-Cigarette Use and Perceptions Among Veterans Receiving Outpatient Treatment in Veterans Affairs Substance Use and Mental Health Clinics.
TLDR
Risk perceptions and attitudes toward e-cigarettes in military Veterans with MH conditions are investigated and more consistent assessment of tobacco use among Veterans, with inclusion of ENDS use, would help inform prevention and treatment priorities.
Systematic review of electronic cigarette use (vaping) and mental health comorbidity among adolescents and young adults.
TLDR
Youth EC use is associated with greater mental health problems across several domains, particularly among adolescents, and well-designed longitudinal studies to investigate long-term mental health sequalae of EC use remain needed.
...
...

References

SHOWING 1-10 OF 57 REFERENCES
Use of e-cigarettes by individuals with mental health conditions
TLDR
Smokers with MHC are differentially affected by the rise in popularity of e-cigarettes and clinical interventions and policies for tobacco control on e-cigarette should take into account the possible outcomes and their implications for this priority population.
Appeal of electronic cigarettes in smokers with serious mental illness.
Characterizing use patterns and perceptions of relative harm in dual users of electronic and tobacco cigarettes.
TLDR
A cross-sectional online survey assessed demographics, product use patterns, and beliefs about relative product benefits and harms among dual users of e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes in the United States using the website Amazon Mechanical Turk.
E-cigarettes versus NRT for smoking reduction or cessation in people with mental illness: secondary analysis of data from the ASCEND trial
TLDR
For people with mental illness, e-cigarettes may be as effective and safe as patches, yet more acceptable, and associated with greater smoking reduction.
Psychiatric comorbidity in adolescent electronic and conventional cigarette use.
Electronic cigarettes in adults in outpatient substance use treatment: Awareness, perceptions, use, and reasons for use.
TLDR
E-cigarette use in adults seeking substance use treatment appears higher than it is in the US general population of smokers, and the high frequency of use may be due to curiosity/experimentation or attempts to quit or reduce smoking.
E-Cigarette Use among Smokers with Serious Mental Illness
TLDR
Within a clinical trial with smokers with serious mental illness, EC use increased over time, particularly among younger adults and those intending to quit tobacco, and among continued smokers, the likelihood of EC use was significantly greater with each additional year of recruitment.
E-cigarette knowledge, attitudes, and use in opioid dependent smokers.
Comparing young adults to older adults in e-cigarette perceptions and motivations for use: implications for health communication.
TLDR
Findings were generally consistent across both age groups in their perceptions of harm from e-cigarettes and in subjective effects such as perceived addictiveness, however, individuals under 30 described unique motivations for e-cigarette use.
Risk Factors for Exclusive E-Cigarette Use and Dual E-Cigarette Use and Tobacco Use in Adolescents
TLDR
A US adolescent sample with one of the largest prevalence rates of e-cigarette only use and dual use in the existing literature raises the possibility that e-cigarettes are recruiting medium-risk adolescents, who otherwise would be less susceptible to tobacco product use.
...
...