Electronic cigarettes and mental illness: Reviewing the evidence for help and harm among those with psychiatric and substance use disorders

@article{Hefner2017ElectronicCA,
  title={Electronic cigarettes and mental illness: Reviewing the evidence for help and harm among those with psychiatric and substance use disorders},
  author={Kathryn R. Hefner and Gerald W Valentine and Mehmet Sofuoglu},
  journal={The American Journal on Addictions},
  year={2017},
  volume={26},
  pages={306–315}
}
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Adults with mental illness (MI) use combustible tobacco at increased rates and have greater difficulty quitting smoking. Given the increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), their use by those with MI has important health implications. While preliminary evidence suggests potential benefits of e-cigarette use for those with MI, well-controlled, systematic research examining appeal, correlates, and consequences of e-cigarette use in this vulnerable… 
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27 Citations

Impact of E-cigarettes on Smoking and Related Outcomes in Veteran Smokers With Psychiatric Comorbidity
TLDR
E-cigarettes appear to be a viable harm reduction modality in smokers with psychiatric comorbidities, as indicated by sustained and frequent e-cigarette use by 90% of participants and may promote reduction and/or cessation of combustible cigarette use.
E-cigarettes, alcohol use, and mental health: Use and perceptions of e-cigarettes among college students, by alcohol use and mental health status.
Differential Effects of Anxiety Sensitivity on E-Cigarettes Processes: The Importance of E-Cigarette Quit Attempt History.
TLDR
E-cigarette users who fail to quit are identified as a potential vulnerable subgroup of users who experience more strongly held perceptions about e-cigarette use because of increased anxiety sensitivity, a core affective vulnerability factor.
Electronic Cigarette Use During a Randomized Trial of Interventions for Smoking Cessation Among Medicaid Beneficiaries with Mental Illness
TLDR
The high rate of naturalistic e-cigarette use in this group suggests that e-cigarettes are an appealing strategy to obtain nicotine during cessation treatment that could be harnessed as a smoking cessation tool or for harm reduction.
Psychological distress and responses to comparative risk messages about electronic and combusted cigarettes.
Depression and Nicotine Withdrawal Associations with Combustible and Electronic Cigarette Use
TLDR
Results highlight the consistent comorbidity between depression, nicotine use, and symptomatic nicotine withdrawal in a population-based sample of combustible and electronic cigarette users.
E-cigarette nicotine dose and flavor: Relationship with appeal, choice, and tobacco use amongst veterans with comorbid psychiatric disorders.
Correlates of e-cigarette use for smoking cessation among clients in residential substance use disorder treatment.
E-Cigarette Use and Perceptions Among Veterans Receiving Outpatient Treatment in Veterans Affairs Substance Use and Mental Health Clinics.
TLDR
Risk perceptions and attitudes toward e-cigarettes in military Veterans with MH conditions are investigated and more consistent assessment of tobacco use among Veterans, with inclusion of ENDS use, would help inform prevention and treatment priorities.
Systematic review of electronic cigarette use (vaping) and mental health comorbidity among adolescents and young adults.
TLDR
Youth EC use is associated with greater mental health problems across several domains, particularly among adolescents, and well-designed longitudinal studies to investigate long-term mental health sequalae of EC use remain needed.
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References

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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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TLDR
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