Electromagnetic-field distribution measurements in the soft x-ray range: full characterization of a soft x-ray laser beam.

@article{LePape2002ElectromagneticfieldDM,
  title={Electromagnetic-field distribution measurements in the soft x-ray range: full characterization of a soft x-ray laser beam.},
  author={S{\'e}bastien Le Pape and Ph. Zeitoun and Mourad Idir and Pierre Dhez and Jorge J. Rocca and M. François},
  journal={Physical review letters},
  year={2002},
  volume={88 18},
  pages={
          183901
        }
}
We report direct measurement of the electromagnetic-field spatial distribution in a neonlike Ar capillary discharge-driven soft x-ray laser beam. The wave front was fully characterized in a single shot using a Shack-Hartmann diffractive optics sensor. The wave front was observed to be dependent on the discharge pressure and capillary length, as a result of beam refraction variations in the capillary plasma. The results predict approximately 70% of the laser beam energy can be focused into an… 
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